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Managing Alexander River-Wadi Zeimar for Israel-Palestine Cooperation

Explore the potential for cooperative management of the Alexander River-Wadi Zeimar transboundary river basin as a model for resolving water conflicts between Israelis and Palestinians.

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Managing Alexander River-Wadi Zeimar for Israel-Palestine Cooperation

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  1. OPTIMAPartner: IPCRIAlexander River/Wadi Zeimer A Palestine/Israel case study

  2. Importance • Israelis and Palestinians are still in military conflict running over one hundred years, • Water is one of the issues set for the final status negotiation between the two sides, • Informal track of cooperation proved to help in better understanding and/or helping in resolving conflicting issues. IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  3. Mission “The case study aims to work with Israeli and Palestinians in cooperation … to consider how best the Alexander – Wadi Zeimar Transboundary River Basin, control of which is shared by both Israelis and Palestinians, can be managed to their mutual advantage… An example that might be extended towards the resolution of the water conflict between the two sides..” IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  4. IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  5. Location of the Case Study: Alexander River – Wadi Zeimar The Alexander River – Wadi Zeimar runs for about 44 km from the western side of the Mountain Belt across cultivated areas and past towns of the Coastal Plain to the Mediterranean Sea. West Bank IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  6. The aquifer System Coastal Aquifer • The aquifer system comprises of several aquifer basins: coastal, western, north eastern, and eastern basins. It represent an important fresh water supply source to both people. West Bank IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  7. Identification • Alexander river basin: 556 km2 • Wadi Zeimar basin: 154 km2 • Maximum flow: 260 m2/s (1958) • Annual rainfall: 640 mm(1949-97). • At the outlet to the sea flow is reduced to 5 MCM IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  8. 202 197 192 187 182 5 km 177 136 141 146 151 156 161 166 171 River structure Med. sea Netanya Nablus IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  9. Average Annual Runoff from Palestinian Wadis (2000/2001) Inputto River Alexander in MCM/a Wadi Zeimar 3.18 Wadi Massin 1.35 Wadi Abu-Nar 2.77 Wadi Et-Tin 0.73 Total 8.03 IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  10. River flow IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  11. WP 11: Challenges • Pollution: Industrial and domestic effluents have been discharged to the river (and the aquifer) in the past 40 years. • Ownership and management of the river as an integrated transboundary basin. • Scarce water resources: Both Israeli and Palestinian authorities suffer from insufficient potable water. IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  12. IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  13. Wadi Zeimar Catchment Area is about 22km long and 5 km wide with an overall area of about 11800 ha. The bottom slope is about 1.2% in the first 10 km and 0.9% in the remaining distance,Elevation of Wadi Zeimar with Distance IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  14. Data Collected • Precipitation • Climatologic • Population • Stakeholders inventory • Water supply/wastewater generation • River flow • River water quality (initial data) • Pollution Sources and Loads (Domestic and non-domestic) • Land use IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

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  17. IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

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  20. Source of Pollution Number of Operational Units Average Discharge per Unit Total Discharge 1. Sesame Mill (Tahini) Factories 8 2 m3/day 16 2. Tanning (leather ) Processing factories 1 27 m3/day 27 m3/day 3. Olive Mills 43 10 m3/day 430 m3/day 4. Slaughter House NA NA NA Stone Cutting 15 5 m3/day 75 m3/day Building Materials (Bricks, Marble, Tile, Concrete, etc) 45 5 m3/day 225 m3/day Food Factories 8 2 m3/day 16 m3/day Wadi Zeimar: Industrial Pollution Sources and Capacities (*) IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker * Numbers are approximate and need to be further verified

  21. non-domestic water pollution sources The Israeli industrial park effluents Stone cutting factories Sesame mills Slaughter house wastes Leather factory waste Paint factory waste Leachate from solid waste dumps IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  22. 50 non-Domestic Water Pollution Sources within Tulkarem- Wadi Zeimar Catchment IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

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  26. Table 2 Land Use within Wadi Zeimar Catchment Area Land Use Main Category Area (ha) Area (% of total) Sub-Category Area (ha) Area (% of total) Sub-Group % of Sub- Category 1. Cultivated Area 4524 38.34 a. Field Crops 339 7.5 Wheat 45 Barley 25 Other 30 b. Fruits 3800 84.0 Olives 82 Citrus 4 Mixed 5 Almonds 9 c. Vegetables 385 8.5 2. Forests 146 1.24 3. Industrial Areas 19 0.16 4. Buildup Areas 636 5.39 5. Natural Reserve 62 0.53 6. Dump Sites 13 0.11 7. Un-Used 6400 54.24 Grand Total 11800 100 IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  27. Catchment’s Area Administrative Status Population (*) Water Supply Source Water Use, 1997 Data Wastewater Generated 1997 m3/yr Notes City Vil RC IC 1997 2004 Well Spring HC Total m3/yr Per Capita 1. Tulkarem Tulkarem City X 33960 51529 2 ----- 605 1218586 98 974868 Shweikeh X 1 ----- 600 Irtah X 1 1 400 Iktaba X 1475 2238 1 ----- 150 NA NA NA Thinnabeh X 6295 9552 1 ----- 300 123038 54 98430 Tulkarem Camp X 10075 15287 (**) ----- ------ 208765 56 167012 Nur Shams Camp X 5887 8933 (**) ------ ------ 126163 59 100930 IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  28. IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  29. Catchment’s Area Administrative Status Population (*) Water Supply Source Water Use, 1997 Data Wastewater Generated 1997 m3/yr Notes City Vil RC IC 1997 2004 Well Spring HC Total m3/yr Per Capita 3. Sabastya Sabastya X 2171 3294 ----- ----- 200 47150 66 37720 En-Naqura X 1239 1880 ----- 1 50 NA NA NA Burqa X 3008 4564 ----- 5 NA 49355 45 29484 Bazzarya X 1608 2440 ----- 2 180 32400 56 25920 Beit Emrin X 2151 3264 ----- 2 100 42240 55 33790 Nisf Jbeil X 377 572 ----- 1 25 NA NA NA Ijnesnia X 418 634 ----- 1 NA NA NA NA Shave Shomron X Unknown Unknown NA NA NA NA NA NA Homesh X Unknown Unknown NA NA NA NA NA Na Zawata 1466 2224 Qusin 1296 1966 Total 196,871 298,722 14+ 20 4135+ IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker (*) = population 1997 = Census data, Population 2004 = Estimates using Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) Figures (**) = Supplied with water through Tulkarem municipal water network Vil = Village, RC = Palestinian Refugee Camp, IC = Israeli Colony NA = Not Available or Unknown, HC = Rainfed Cistern

  30. IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  31. Next Step – Case Study Implementation:Conducting an Integrated Transboundary Wastewater Management plan of the Wadi Zeimar Basin IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  32. Framework of Palestinian Case Study: Integrated Transboundary Wastewater Management Plan Management Plan Preparation and Adoption - Local Management Plan Preparation and Adoption - Transboundary - Phase I Issue Identification and Baseline Needs Assessment Information Management and Outreach Phase II Phase III Monitoring and Evaluation (in the Future) IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  33. Example of existing water management complexities • Legal (ownership, control, decision making), • water allocation problem, • policy setting on each side • Sustainability: definition and understanding of, public health, and environmental protection including water pollution control, • basin and land use development with time and future water demands, IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  34. Anticipated Joint Institutional Arrangement • Develop joint strategic long-term river basin plan • Develop joint operational basin master plan • Develop joint environmental and ecological protection plan/measures • Finalize/ratify/and implement water right or water allocation agreement • Develop joint effluent discharge permit allocation • Allocation of drainage permits or drainage responsibilities • Develop joint Co-ordination between the two sides • Develop joint Water trade/banking and transfer mechanisms including virtual water • Develop joint Funding and Fund administration and development • Develop joint Awareness creation • Cooperate in human and technical capacity building • Develop joint monitoring and enforcement mechanisms including legal actions against defaulters IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  35. IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  36. Palestinian-Israeli Integration/Compatibility Issues Issue 1—Institutional Framework and Capacity Building Issue 2—Applicable Policy, Laws, and Standards Issue 3—Public Health Considerations Issue 4—Sensitive Environments Issue 5—Domestic Wastewater Effluent (Discharge) Sources Issue 6—Priorities for Water Pollution Mitigation and Control Issue 7—Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization Issue 8—Management, Operations, and Maintenance of Treatment Facilities and Ancillary Structures Issue 9—Stakeholder Identification and Participation Issue 10—Economic Instruments and Financial Resources Issue 11—Integration with Other Water Sector Policies and Other National Plans IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

  37. Thank You IPCRI: Marwan Haddad and Nir Becker

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