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Explore the main types of public administration reorganization, its reasons, and the role of SIGMA in assisting partner countries. Learn about the necessary elements for a professional public service and public financial management.
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Answerthefollowingquestions: What are themaintypesofreorganizationofpublicadministration? What are themainreasons for reorganizationofpublicadministration? • What does the abbreviation SIGMA stand for? • Whenwasitestablished? Which organisations are involved in this initiative? What is its main purpose? How does SIGMA assist partner countriesinplanninganddeliveringtheirreforms? Whatshouldanaccountablegovernmentbelike? Whatisnecessary for a professionalpublicservice? What are theelementsofpublicfinancial management?
Fillinthemissingwords: deliver, goods, justice, reform, responsive, rights, service • “Public administration __________” is “understood as the search for administrative (public __________) structures and processes that are more ___________to the needs of citizens and otherwise ___________better public ___________ and services” • In a postconflict context, the public administration system often poses many challenges, including “absence of access to _________; politicization of the administration; lack of accountability; discrimination by civil servants and other public officials; and low level of awareness of ___________among the citizenry”.
Key • „Public administration reform” is „understood as the search for administrative (public service) structures and processes that are more responsive to the needs of citizens and otherwise deliver better public goods and services” • In a postconflict context, the public administration system often poses many challenges, including “absence of access to justice; politicization of the administration; lack of accountability; discrimination by civil servants and other public officials; and low level of awareness of rights among the citizenry” (ibid., p. 11
Fillinthemissingwords: centralization, Corruption, decentralization, developing, records, responsibilities • In addition, public buildings and ____________may have been destroyed during conflict. Competencies and ____________among state agencies are unclear. ___________is another huge challenge, as is excessive ____________of public administration. Many of these challenges are also often encountered in ___________ countries. • Efforts to reform public administration can “be very comprehensive and include process changes in areas such as organizational structures, ______________, personnel management, public finance, results-based management, regulatory reforms etc. It can also refer to targeted reforms such as the revision of the civil service statute” (UN Development Programme, Public Administration Reform: Practice Note, pp. 1–2).
Key • In addition, public buildings and records may have been destroyed during conflict. Competencies and responsibilities among state agencies are unclear. Corruption is another huge challenge, as is excessive centralization of public administration. Many of these challenges are also often encountered in developing countries. • Efforts to reform public administration can “be very comprehensive and include process changes in areas such as organizational structures, decentralization, personnel management, public finance, results-based management, regulatory reforms etc. It can also refer to targeted reforms such as the revision of the civil service statute” (UN Development Programme, Public Administration Reform: Practice Note, pp. 1–2).
Key • Efforts to reform public administration can “be very comprehensive and include process changes in areas such as organizational structures, decentralization, personnel management, public finance, results-based management, regulatory reforms etc. It can also refer to targeted reforms such as the revision of the civil service statute” (UN Development Programme, Public Administration Reform: Practice Note, pp. 1–2).
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • presupposing the acceptance of a particular set of values. • Valueladen • the improper use of something • Abuse • (of something bad) getting worse quickly and in an uncontrolled way • rampant
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • the vertical (multiple levels) and horizontal (multiple actors) dispersion of central government authority and refers to both, political structures and decision making processes • Multi-levelgovernance • Ratiobetween input and output • Efficiency • characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm. • turbulent
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • liable to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse. • Volatile • Breaking up of a total (aggregate), integrated whole, or a conglomerate, into smaller elements, parts, or units, usually for easier handling or management. Also called disintegration • Disaggregation • extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources • parsimony
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • The action of freeing or state of being free from an obligation or liability imposed on others • Exemption • Successfulin producing a desired or intended result • Effective • Achievingmaximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense. • efficient
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • Athing that is regarded as more important than others • Priority • The quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward. • Merit • The process of finding and hiring the best-qualified candidate (from within or outside of an organization) for a job opening, in a timely and cost effective manner • recruitment
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • Moneypaid for work or a service. • Remuneration • Translationofideasintoefficientstrategies to enable a government to achieveitsobjectives • Policy • The buying of goods and services by government organizations • Publicprocurement
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • An official inspection of an organization's accounts, typically by an independent body • Audit • Criticalobservationorexamination • scrutiny
III Fillinthemissingwords:efficient, environments, implemented, institutions, fragmentation, objectives, policy-making • Policies are thetranslationofideasinto ___________strategies to enable a government to achieveits _________________. Theycreatevalue for societies at largebybuildingbetter _________________________ inwhichthequalityoflifeisimprovedanddoingbusinessbecomeseasier. Suchpolicies are most effectivelydevelopedand ________________ whenthereis a well-organised, co-ordinated, consistent, competentand __________________ system. Therolesofthedifferent ___________________ shouldbeclearlydefinedso as to avoidoverlappingor _________________.
IV Explainthefollowingabbreviations: • SIGMA _________________________ • OECD ____________________________ • EC _____________________________ • PAR ___________________________
Translateinto Croatian • Anaccountablegovernmentexplainsthereasons for itsactivities, acceptsresponsibility for themandreports on resultsin a transparent manner. Ituseswebsites to proactivelydiscloseinformationandifcitizensorbusinesseswant to know more, theymayaccesstherelevantinformationeasilyand at no cost. Anyexemptionsfromthistransparencyshouldberareandbasedinlaw; a designatedauthorityoverseeswhetherinformationisprovidedwhenrequested.
Translateinto Croatian • Aneffectiveandefficientpublicadministrationisorganisedin a rationalway. Ministriesandagenciesneedwell-definedroles, easilyunderstandablebyall, withsimplelinesofresponsibilityin place withinandbetweeninstitutions. In addition, clearobjectivesandreportingobligationshelpmanagersfocus on results.
Answerthe following questions: • 1. How can NPM be defined? • 2. What are themaingoalsof NPM? • 4. What is NPM inspired by? • How does NPM differfromtraditionalbureaucracy? • 5. Which strategies does NPM encompass to promote cultural change in government? • 6. Where was NPM introduced? • 7. Whatare thenegative side effectsof NPM? • Whatisthefundamentaldilemmaof NPM?
Answerthefollowingquestions: • Whichprinciplesshouldgoodgovernanceadhere to? • Who launchedtheconceptofgoodgovernance? Whenwasitlaunchedandwhy? • Name at leastthreeprinciplesofgoodgovernance.
Fillinthemissingwords:agencies, citizens, customer, efficiency, government, private, public • New Public Management (NPM) is an approach to running public service organizations that is used in___________ and public service institutions and ____________, at both sub-national and national levels. The term was first introduced by academics in the UK and Australiato describe approaches that were developed during the 1980s as part of an effort to make the public service more "businesslike" and to improve its ____________by using ___________sector management models. As with the private sector, which focuses on „_________service", NPM reforms often focused on the "centrality of __________who were the recipient of the services or customers to the ________sector".
Fillinthemissingwords: agencies, audits, decentralized, e-government,financial, performance, private • NPM reformers experimented with using ____________service delivery models, to give local ________more freedom in how they delivered programs or services. In some cases, NPM reforms that used ___________consolidated a program or service to a central location to reduce costs. Some governments tried using quasi-market structures, so that the public sector would have to compete against the ____________sector (notably in the UK, in health care). Key themes in NPM were „______________control, value for money, increasing efficiency ..., identifying and setting targets and continuance monitoring of ____________, handing over ... power to the senior management" executives. Performance was assessed with __________, benchmarks and performance evaluations. Some NPM reforms used private sector companies to deliver what were formerly public services.
Key • New Public Management (NPM) is an approach to running public service organizations that is used in government and public service institutions and agencies, at both sub-national and national levels. The term was first introduced by academics in the UK and Australiato describe approaches that were developed during the 1980s as part of an effort to make the public service more "businesslike" and to improve its efficiency by using private sector management models. As with the private sector, which focuses on "customer service", NPM reforms often focused on the "centrality of citizens who were the recipient of the services or customers to the public sector".NPM reformers experimented with using decentralized service delivery models, to give local agencies more freedom in how they delivered programs or services. In some cases, NPM reforms that used e-government consolidated a program or service to a central location to reduce costs. Some governments tried using quasi-market structures, so that the public sector would have to compete against the private sector (notably in the UK, in health care).Key themes in NPM were "financial control, value for money, increasing efficiency ..., identifying and setting targets and continuance monitoring of performance, handing over ... power to the senior management" executives. Performance was assessed with audits, benchmarks and performance evaluations. Some NPM reforms used private sector companies to deliver what were formerly public services.
Provide theterms to matchthedefinitions: • the practice among those with power or influence of favouring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs • Nepotism • the practice of giving unfair preferential treatment to one person or group at the expense of another. • Favouritism • exclusive attachment to one's own group, party, or nation. • particularism
Provide theterms to matchthedefinitions • a form of governance in which all power flows directly from the leader • Patrimonialism • the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws. • Ruleoflaw
Translate the following sentences into Croatian: • The concept of good governance has multiple meanings, but it most generally refers to a standard or model for how states or other political entities should govern and be governed. This usually includes a long list of normative principles to which these entities should adhere, such as transparency, accountability, inclusiveness, effectiveness, and impartiality.
Translate the following sentences into Croatian: • Good Governance – the responsible conduct of public affairs and management of public resources – is encapsulated in the Council of Europe 12 Principles of Good Governance. The Council of Europe is the organizationof European countriesthatseeks to protectdemocracyand human rightsand to promote European unitybyfosteringcooperation on legal, cultural, andsocialissues.
I Answer the following questions: • 1. How can e-governmentbedefined? • 2. What are thesynonymousterms for e-government? • 2. How can it contribute to the reform of public administration? • 3. Which principles can it contribute to? • Whatisthemeaningof „onceonlyprinciple” in e-government? • How can e-governmentcontribute to inclusiveness? • How canitcontribute to transparency?
Fillinthemissingwords: agencies, businessescitizens, digital, employees, government, public • E-government (short for electronic government) is the use of electronic communications devices, such as computers and the Internet to provide _______services to citizens and other persons in a country or region. The term consists of the _________interactions between a citizen and their ___________(C2G), between governments and other government _________(G2G), between government and ________(G2C), between government and _________(G2E), and between government and ___________/commerces(G2B).
Fillinthemissingwords: citizens, delivery, governance, national,participation, public, websites • E-government _________models can be broken down into the following categories:This interaction consists of ___________communicating with all levels of government (city, state/province,_________, and international), facilitating citizen involvement in __________using information and communication technology (ICT) (such as computers and _________) and business process re-engineering (BPR). Brabham and Guth (2017) interviewed the third party designers of e-government tools in North America about the ideals of user interaction that they build into their technologies, which include progressive values, ubiquitous ___________, geolocation, and education of the _________.
Key • E-government (short for electronic government) is the use of electronic communications devices, such as computers and the Internet to provide public services to citizens and other persons in a country or region. According to Jeong, 2007 the term consists of the digital interactions between a citizen and their government (C2G), between governments and other government agencies (G2G), between government and citizens (G2C), between government and employees (G2E), and between government and businesses/commerces (G2B). E-government delivery models can be broken down into the following categories:Thisinteraction consists of citizens communicating with all levels of government (city, state/province, national, and international), facilitating citizen involvement in governance using information and communication technology (ICT) (such as computers and websites) and business process re-engineering (BPR). Brabham and Guth (2017) interviewed the third party designers of e-government tools in North America about the ideals of user interaction that they build into their technologies, which include progressive values, ubiquitous participation, geolocation, and education of the public.
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • a person with an interest or concern in something, especially a business • Stakeholder • in the absence of opposition or a better alternative • Bydefault
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • E.-to-e.describes a process that takes a method or service from its beginning to its end and delivers a complete functional solution, usually without needing to procure anything from a third party • End-to-end • a state in which one is not observed or disturbed by other people; the state of being free from public attention • Privacy • the act of obeying an order, rule, or request • compliance • .
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • an establishment where many different services or products are available; a business or office where multiple services are offered; i.e., customers can get all they need in just "one stop • One-stop-shop • the ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information; a characteristic of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, at present or in the future, in either implementation or access, without any restrictions • interoperability
Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • A s.mentality can occur when a team or department shares common tasks but derives their power and status from their group. They are less likely to share resources or ideas with other groups or welcome suggestions as to how they might improve. Collaboration in a business culture with s.among teams or departments will be limited, unless collaboration benefits the members of the department. In addition, the members of a s.tend to think alike. They get their power from association with their function and their shared technical knowledge. • silo
Translatethefollowingparagraphinto Croatian: • eGovernmentsupportsadministrativeprocesses, improvesthequalityoftheservicesandincreasesinternalpublicsectorefficiency. Digital publicservicesreduceadministrativeburden on businessesandcitizensbymakingtheirinteractionswithpublicadministrationsfasterandefficient, more convenientand transparent, andlesscostly.
Translateinto Croatian • Publicadministrationsshouldensurethatcitizensandbusinessessupplythe same informationonlyonce to a publicadministration. Publicadministrationoffices take actionifpermitted to internallyre-use this data, induerespectof data protectionrules, sothat no additionalburdenfalls on citizensandbusinesses.
