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Animal Cell

Animal Cell. Extracellular Fluid. Similar to: Water. Watery environment outside of the cell All cells in the body are surrounded by this. Cytosol. Similar to: Jello (organelles are the fruit!). Jelly-like material that supports the organelles

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Animal Cell

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  1. Animal Cell

  2. Extracellular Fluid Similar to: Water • Watery environment outside of the cell • All cells in the body are surrounded by this

  3. Cytosol Similar to: Jello (organelles are the fruit!) • Jelly-like material that supports the organelles • Cytosol + All the organelles = Cytoplasm

  4. Nucleus Similar to: The Brain • ‘Control Centre’ of the cell ; directs the cell’s activities • Separated from the cytosol by a porous double membrane called the nuclear envelope • Where DNA is found and made

  5. Nucleolus Similar to: Peach pit • Found in the middle of the nucleus • Makes ribosomes

  6. Ribosomes (small black dots) Similar to: Factory • Produce proteins • Two kinds: • Floating in cytosol – make proteins for inside of the cell • Attached to endoplasmic reticulum – highway system of membranes that helps to transport materials

  7. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (or rER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (or sER) Similar to: Subway Station • System of tubes that help transport materials to the golgi apparatus • Rough ER – has ribosomes on them; transport proteins • Smooth ER – no ribosomes; transport fat

  8. How Does the ER Transport Materials? • Materials that need to be transported travel to the ends of the ER • They then become enclosed in a sack called a vesicle • Vesicles are formed when a part of the ER pinches off at the end

  9. Golgi Apparatus Similar to: Delivery Person • Look like a stack of pita bread • Chemically change the contents carried from vesicles • Then, re-package them into new vesicles to send outside of the cell

  10. Lysosomes Similar to: The Terminator • ***Only in animalcells • Break down and digest food and waste that comes from outside the cell • Destroy dangerous bacteria and viruses that enter the cell • Also destroys the entire cell when it gets old

  11. Mitochondria Similar to: Battery • Cellular respiration occurs here, which provides the cell with energy • Contain two membranes like the nucleus

  12. Mitochondria Structure • Cristae – the folds of the inner membrane • Contains important compounds that help cellular respiration occur • Matrix – protein-rich liquid in the mitochondria • Many chemical reactions involving cellular respiration occur here as well

  13. Vacuole Similar to: Refrigerator • Very hard to see in animal cells • Sacs filled with a watery solution that storeproteins, sugars and minerals

  14. Plant Cell

  15. Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Chloroplast Ribosome Golgi Body E.R Vacuole Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall

  16. Cell Wall Similar to: Chain Mail Armour • Very firm, but also porous • Gives plant cells a very rigid, firm shape • Ex.Wood is made from the cell walls of dead plants

  17. Vacuole Similar to: Refrigerator • MUCH bigger in plant cells • In plant cells, the pressure in vacuoles keep the cell membrane pressed against the cell wall • This is called turgor pressure and is responsible for the shape and firm texture of fresh vegetables

  18. Plastids • Organelles that are only found in plant cells • Store useful material for the plant • Chloroplast is a type of plastids

  19. Chloroplast Similar to: Chef • Photosynthesis occurs here • Photosynthesis equation: • Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight  glucose + oxygen • 6CO2+ 6H2O + Energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  20. Chloroplast Structure • Thylakoid – compartments in a chloroplast • Contains chlorophyll, which makes plants green and allows photosynthesis to start • Many thylakoids stacked on top of each other is called a granum • Stroma – protein-rich liquid in the chloroplast • Contains compounds needed for photosynthesis Stroma Granum Thylakoid

  21. The Importance of Cells • Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life • Different cells in the body specialized in different tasks Ex. Brain cells conduct electrical signals, intestinal cells help absorb nutrients • Even though they perform different functions, cells in your body share many common features

  22. Organelle Rap • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRrBzCipSqM • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w071sWyw4UQ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBNkXdJepIg

  23. Exit Card • Use the info from this ppt lesson, find the answer to the following • 1. How does ER transport material throughout the cell? • 2. Write the chemical equation of Photosynthesis • 3. Label the thylakoid and stroma on this picture

  24. Parts found only in animal cells Parts found only in plant cells Parts found in both plant and animal cells Exit card (Cont) Use a Venn diagram like the one below to list the organelles that are common between plant and animal cells Unique to plant/animal cells

  25. Exit Card (Cont.) 5. Look at the structure of a mitochondrion: Define what cristae and matrix are. What processes occur in each of them?

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