1 / 14

The Perception Process

The Perception Process. Perception is the process of selecting cues from the environment, organizing these cues into some coherent pattern, and interpreting the pattern. Stimulation / Selection.

marla
Download Presentation

The Perception Process

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Perception Process • Perception is the process of selecting cues from the environment, organizing these cues into some coherent pattern, and interpreting the pattern.

  2. Stimulation / Selection • Selective exposure: We expose ourselves to people and messages that confirm our existing beliefs, values, and attitudes. • Selective attention:We focus on certain cues but ignore others. • Selective perception:We tend to see and hear what we want to believe. • Selective retention:We tend to remember whatever reinforces our thinking and forget what we find objectionable.

  3. ORGANIZING • To make sense of situations we select information from ourenvironment and organize it to form meaningful patterns; • PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTS / SCHEMATA • ROLE CONSTRUCTS • INTERACTION CONSTRUCT • PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTS

  4. RIGID CATEGORIES INHIBIT EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION • It's important to remember that we created the categories in thefirst place and that the differences between the categories are aresult of how we created them.

  5. Generalization versus stereotyping • Generalization is the result of normal learning process. Through our everyday experiences we learn how people behave. • Stereotyping is assuming that the characteristics associated with the group apply to all individuals in the group.

  6. INTERPRETATION • Adding a meaning (explanation) to the selected categories/situations • Of course you need to remember that by selecting and organizing you made some interpretation already.

  7. Factors influencing interpretation • The degree of involvement • The degree of knowledge • Past experiences • Expectations • Assumptions about human behavior • Your mood

  8. Making Attributions • Attributions are our explanations for why others behave as they do or what causes them to behave the way they do.

  9. Errors in Attributions • Self-Serving / Egocentric Bias: a mechanism designed to preserve self-esteem. We take credit for positive / deny responsibility for negative. • Fundamental Attribution Error: Overvalue the influence of internal factors / undervalue external factors. • Premature Closure: we cling to first impressions • Over-attribution: the tendency to single out 1-2 obvious characteristics and attribute everything to them.

  10. Errors in Attributions • Halo effect: Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic. • Confirmation bias: We seek out and organize our impressions to support an opinion.

  11. Uncertainty Reduction Strategies • PASSIVE STRATEGIES: we take the role of unobtrusive observers and do not participate in the situation. • ACTIVE STRATEGIES: we actively seek information by asking questions about the individual. • INTERACTIVE STRATEGIES: we communicate directly with the person by asking questions etc.

  12. PERCEPTION CHECKING • describe others' behavior; • give your interpretation of the other's thoughts and/or feelings (refraining from evaluating or judging - be objective, try to include other options); • ask the other if our perceptions and interpretations are accurate. Ask for clarification

More Related