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The Perception Process

The Perception Process. Organizing the selected “data” into patterns for interpretation and response. Screening the “data” and selecting what to process. Observing “data” via the senses. Perceptual Selection.

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The Perception Process

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  1. The Perception Process Organizing the selected “data” into patterns for interpretation and response Screening the “data” and selecting what to process Observing “data” via the senses

  2. Perceptual Selection • Selectivity (perceiving only part of envir. or some parts more than others; i.e., Attention differences) • External Factors (i.e., currently in physical envir.) • Novelty, Complexity, Size, Nearness, Motion • Internal Factors • Experience, Motivation, Attitudes

  3. Closure • Adding to your Perception to facilitate meaningful interpretation. • Stereotyping • Halo Effects • Projection

  4. Social Perception Problems • Selective Perception • More likely to notice stimuli which are consistent with our values and beliefs • Closure • Assume that what we don’t know is consistent with what we do know

  5. Attributions Perceived causes of behavior Major concern: whether caused by internal or external factors (Personality or Environment?)

  6. Internal Attributions are made when: Consensus is Low No one else does it Consistency is High This person behaved this way before in this same situation Distinctiveness is Low This behavior is similar to this actor’s behaviors in other situations (External Attributions made under opposite circumstances)

  7. Internal Attribution - Example Customer has complained about John. There are no complaints about other employees (low consensus). Complaints about John in this job have been coming in steadily (high consistency). John has received similar complaints in a past job (low distinctiveness). Internal Attribution: John’s behavior stems mainly from INTERNAL causes. John is responsible for his own poor performance.

  8. External Attribution - Example Mary has recently performed poorly on collections. Other employees are performing poorly on collections (high consensus). Previously Mary handled collections well (low consistency). Mary performs other tasks well (high distinctiveness). External Attribution: Mary’s behavior stems mainly from EXTERNAL causes. It’s not Mary’s fault.

  9. Common Attributional Errors Fundamental Attribution Error We perceive others’ behaviors as more Internally caused than they are Self-Serving Bias We perceive our own: Success as Internal Failure as External

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