Bones Notes

1. Bones Notes

2. Skeletal System • Bones (skeleton) • The skeleton has 206 bones • Joints • Cartilage • ligaments

3. Divided into two divisions • Axial skeleton – bones of face & skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum • Appendicular skeleton – bones of pectoral & pelvic girdle, extremities (arms & legs), bones of hands and feet

5. FUNCTION • Support of the body • Protection of soft organs • Movement due to attached skeletal muscles • Storage of minerals and fats • Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

6. Classification of Bone • Long bones • Typically longer than wide • Have a shaft with heads at both ends • Examples: Femur, humerus, radius, ulna, metatarsal, metacarpals

7. Short bones • Generally cube-shape • Examples: carpals, tarsals, patella, calcaneus

8. Flat bones • Thin and flattened • Usually curved • Examples: Skull bones (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital), mandible, ribs, sternum

9. Irregular bones • Irregular shape or does not fit into other categories • Example: Vertebrae and hip

11. Bone Markings • Surface features of bones • Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments • Passages for nerves and blood vessels

12. Categories of bone markings • Projections and processes – grow out from the bone surface • Tuberosity – large round projections • Tubercle – small, round projections or processes • Head – bony expansion carried on narrow neck

13. Trochanter – very large, irregular shaped process • Ramus – armlike bar of bone • Condyle – round articular projection • Spine – sharp, slender, pointed projection

14. Crest – narrow ridge of bone’

15. Depressions or cavities – indentations • Meatus – canal-like passageway • Sinus – cavity within a bone filled with air lined with mucus membrane

16. Fossa – shallow, basin-like depression • Fissure – narrow slit-like opening • Foramen – round or oval opening through bone

17. Bone Development