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Social Studies Chapter 8 Review. What did each of the following people invent and how did it improve life in America?. Alexander Graham Bell -Telephone - People could talk to others miles away Thomas Edison -Electric light bulb -Cleaner, safer, easier than gas lamps.
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What did each of the following people invent and how did it improve life in America? • Alexander Graham Bell -Telephone -People could talk to others miles away • Thomas Edison -Electric light bulb -Cleaner, safer, easier than gas lamps
What did each of the following people invent and how did it improve life in America? • Eiljah McCoy -Oil cap -Allowed trains and other machines to run longer • Orville and Wilbur Wright -Airplane -Led to people being able to travel long distances faster
Vocabulary • What is an entrepreneur? A person who takes risks to start a business • Who are some examples of entrepreneurs? Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller
Vocabulary • What is a corporation? A business in which many people own shares, or parts, of a business • What are some examples of corporations? Carnegie Steel, Standard Oil
Vocabulary • What is a monopoly? A company that has no competition • Why are monopolies a problem? With no competition, a company can raise prices or provide poor service
Who made steel production an important industry in the U.S.? • Andrew Carnegie
What city became a major city for the production of steel? Why? • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became a major steel city • Why? • It was located near natural resources needed to make steel (iron and coal) and also near two rivers for transportation.
Who formed the Standard Oil Company? • John D. Rockefeller
What did Rockefeller do that almost gave him a monopoly over the oil industry? • He bought most of the other oil companies
How did new industries help workers? • More factories led to more jobs
How did new industries harm workers? • The working conditions were unsafe and the pay was low
What did workers form to try and help to make working conditions safer and to get higher pay? • Unions
Why did workers sometimes go on strike? • To get business owners to make changes
Where did most immigrants come from before 1880? • Northern/Western Europe (Ireland, Germany, etc.)
Where did most immigrants come from between 1880 and 1924? • Southern/Eastern Europe (Russia, Italy, etc.)
What two countries did smaller numbers of immigrants come from? • China and Mexico
Where did most European immigrants enter the United States? • Ellis Island
Where did most Asian immigrants enter the United States? • Angel Island
Why did people come to the United States? • They were looking for a better life • To find work • To escape persecution (unfair treatment) • To leave poor living conditions • Freedom
Where did immigrants settle once they were in the United States? • Most settled in big cities (urban areas) • Whether immigrants settled in urban (city) areas or rural (country) areas, they usually settled near families, friends, or others from the same country (the same ethnic group)
What hardships did immigrants face? • -Prejudice from people who did not like immigrants • -Hard work for low pay • -Cramped living conditions in tenements (poorly built apartment buildings)
Where were big cities located? • Large cities were located near transportation routes (railroads and waterways) • Cities near natural resources grew as factories were built using those resources
Why did people move to big cities? • People from rural areas moved to cities to find jobs • Immigrants moving to the U.S. settled in cities • Great Migration of African-Americans from the South
How did new inventions change cities? • Skyscrapers – Steel used for frames to build these very tall buildings. • Electricity – Powered lights, elevators, and transportation.
What problems did people have in big cities? • Poorly built apartment buildings (tenements) caught fire easily • Crowded conditions led to illness spreading quickly
How did Progressives try to improve life in the United States? How did Progressives try to help? • Jane Addams and others started settlement houses to help people learn skills and provide other help Problem • Immigrants and the poor in cities needed help getting jobs and taking care of their families.
How did Progressives try to improve life in the United States? How Progressives tried to help • Pictures were taken to show lawmakers the unsafe conditions so laws could be passed to help workers. Problem • Factories were often dangerous places to work.
How did Progressives try to improve life in the United States? How Progressives tried to help • Writers told what was happening and laws were passed to make sure factories were clean and safe. Problem • Meatpacking plants and other places producing food were dirty and food was made that was unsafe.
How did Progressives try to improve life in the United States? How Progressives tried to help • Women gave speeches and protested until the 19th amendment was passed in 1920, giving women the right to vote. Problem • Women did not have suffrage – the right to vote
How did Progressives try to improve life in the United States? How Progressives tried to help • The NAACP was founded to work for equality for African-Americans. Problem • Many African Americans faced prejudice and discrimination
