English Settlers In the Americas

1. English Settlers In the Americas 1585-1621

2. Colony at Roanoke • With the Permission of Queen Elizabeth • Sir Walter Raleigh • Raised money to establish a colony • 1585 they sailed to Roanoke Island • After running short of food they left back to England

3. Lost Colony of Roanoke • 1587 Raleigh tried again • Sending 91 Men and 17 Women and 2 Children • Lead by John White • They wanted it to be a farming Community

4. Virginia Dare • The first American born child of English parents

5. John White Leaves • Weeks after arriving John White leaves to get more supplies • He hoped to return but gets held up due to hostilities between England and Spain prevented his return

6. 1590 • Finally returned to find the Island completely deserted . • The only thing that was found was the word “CROATOAN” carved in a tree. • A local Native American tribe

7. The Virginia Companies • English Merchants formed two companies in 1606 • Virginia Company of Plymouth • Virginia Company of London • Both Joint-stock company • Wanting Gold and profits

8. Joint-stock company • The investors • only put in a small part of the cost • Split the profits • If it failed they would only lose the money they put in.

9. The Charter • King James I, Granted the Virginia company a charter to settle and trade on the land between present day North Carolina and the Potomac River • The land was named Virginia

10. Jamestown Settlement • December 1606 the London Company sent three ships- • The Discovery, The Susan Constant and the Godspeed • 144 Men – No Women • 40 people died at sea • Arrived in 1607 the ships reached Virginia

11. Jamestown • Sailed into the Chesapeake Bay • Named the James River after the King • Stopped on a peninsula 60 miles up the river • Named it Jamestown

12. Problems • The location was swampy land with a lot of mosquitoes • Many died of Malaria and typhoid fever • Hard workload • By September 1607 more than half had died from the hard life • By January only 38 were alive

13. No Leaders • The settlement was started with 13 men to lead the colony • Most quarreled or quit • Most colonist refused to plant crops and build homes

14. Captain John Smith • Stepped up as the leader • Forced most to help build homes, dig wells, fortification and clear fields • “He that does not work, shall not eat”

15. Powhatans • Local Native American tribe • Smith tried to bargain trades but was not very successful • Captured by the Powhatan but released

16. The “Starving Time” • 500 new colonist arrive in 1609, including women. • John Smith injured returns to England • Food supplies run low and only 60 settlers survived the winter of 1609-1610

17. The Growth of Jamestown • The Plantation Economy • Tobacco is started to be planted in 1612 • John Rolfe • Becomes major cash crop in trade with England • Earns huge profits • The habit of smoking spreads across Europe

18. Plantations • Large farms along the coastal rivers • Tobacco was hard back breaking work. • Hired Indentured Servants • People that agreed to work for 3-7 years for passage to America • 100,000 to 150,000 came as Indentured servants

19. Africans • 1619 • Dutch ship from the West Indies brought the first 20 African to Jamestown. • Treated like Indentured servants, some became free citizens and owned land

20. Families Needed • In 1620 about 100 women sailed into Jamestown to find a husband. • Men were charged 150 lbs of tobacco to marry one of the women

21. Native American Neighbors • Were better as of 1614 when John Rolfe married Pocahontas the daughter of the Powhatan Chief • By 1618 both Pocahontas and her father had died and relations between the two declined

22. Fighting begins • The new Native American leaders did not trust the English • Midnight attacks began on both sides • Hundreds of settlers were killed • Including John Rolfe

23. The beginning of Self-Government • House of Burgesses • Law making body • To govern the Colony • First met in July 1619 • King James I • Will revoke the Charter in 1624 • Declare it a Royal Colony, under control of the King

24. Plymouth Colony 1620

25. Religious Disagreements in England • King Henry VIII • Breaks away from Roman Catholic Church • Begins the Anglican Church • Many wanted to return to Roman Catholic beliefs

26. Puritans • Wanted to Purify the church by getting rid of the Roman Catholic influence • Most stayed in the Anglican Church and tried to change it from within

27. Separatists • Hated the Anglican Church and would worship by themselves • One group of Separatists moved to the Netherlands to get away from England • Pilgrims – travelers with a religious goal

28. Pilgrims • Moved from the Netherlands to establish a community based on religious freedom

29. Mayflower • The Pilgrims from the Netherlands and Separatists from England came together on a ship named the Mayflower • Sept 1620 • Carrying 100 Men, Women and Children

30. Mayflower Compact • They landed in New England • Outside of their Charter • They wrote a set of laws to follow • 41 Men signed the document • Named John Carver the Colony Governor

31. Plymouth • They arrived in December • By Spring half the pilgrims had died

32. Wampanoag • Native American tribe that helped the Settlers- • Samoset – Spoke English • Massasoit - Chief • Squanto - Helped them learn to Hunt and plant corn

33. Plymouth Survives • The Harvest of 1621 was so good they shared it with the Native Americans • The First Thanksgiving

34. Begins to Grow • 1621 they were granted a new Charter • By 1630 had more than 300 settlers • By 1660 more than 3,000 settlers