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Riboflavin: Major Source of Energy in Living Organisms

Discover the vital role of riboflavin in the metabolism and energy production of living organisms. Learn about its functions, benefits, and potential uses in clinical and therapeutic situations. Find out how riboflavin deficiency can affect the body and explore food sources of this important vitamin.

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Riboflavin: Major Source of Energy in Living Organisms

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  1. TALK OF THE DAY

  2. TALK OF THE DAY • Anger is a condition in which tongue works faster than the mind • A moment of patience in a moment of anger saves a thousand moments of regret. • Anger begins with madness, and ends in regret. (Hazrat Ali ( RA))

  3. RIBOFLAVIN B2

  4. Major source of Energy in Living organisms • Living organisms including humans derive most of their energy from oxidation-reduction reactions. • These are processes which involve the transfer of electrons. • Flavin coenzymes participate in redox reactions in numerous metabolic pathways .

  5. Major source of Energy in Living organisms • Flavins are critical for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. • Flavins help in releasing energy from carbohydrates. • FAD is part of the electron transport (respiratory) chain, which is central to energy production.

  6. FUNCTIONS • Vitamin B2 is important for body growth and RBCs production • In treating anemia, adding Vitamin B2 to iron supplements, increase its effectiveness. • Flavins also participate in the metabolism of some vitamins , minerals, drugs and toxins

  7. FUNCTIONS • Riboflavin also helps to shore up the immune system by reinforcing antibody reserves, the body's first line of defense against infection. • In addition, the body uses extra riboflavin to keep tissue in good repair and speed healing of wounds, burns and other injuries.

  8. PROTECTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM Along with vitamins B-1, B-3 and B-6, riboflavin has a role in treating nervous system conditions such as: • Numbness and tingling • Alzheimer's disease • Epilepsy • Multiple sclerosis and • Anxiety, stress and fatigue.

  9. Benefits of B-2 • Carpal tunnel syndrome patients may benefit when B-2 and B-6 combination therapy is given. • Epithelial and mucosal tissues require riboflavin for their maintenance . • B-2 is also involved in oxidative degradation of short chain fatty acids. • It also has a role in transfer of oxygen from plasma to tissues.

  10. Benefits of B-2 • Riboflavin is helpful for maintaining the skin, nails, eyes, mouths, lips and tongue. • It is required for normal vision and prevention of cataracts. • Riboflavin is also thought to decrease the duration and frequency of migraine headaches in some people, When used with beta blockers

  11. Uses in clinical and therapeutic situations. Phototherapy: • The light used to irradiate the infant, breaks down not only the toxin causing the jaundice, but also the naturally occurring riboflavin within the infant's blood. • For over 30 years, riboflavin supplements have been used as part of the phototherapy treatment of neonatal jaundice.

  12. SAFE BLOOD TRANSFUSION Development is underway to use riboflavin to improve the safety of transfused blood by reducing pathogens found in collected blood.

  13. Mechanism • Riboflavin attaches itself to the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in cells, and when light is applied, the nucleic acids are broken, effectively killing those cells. • The technology has been shown to be effective for inactivating pathogens in all three major blood components: (platelets, red blood cells, and plasma). • It has been shown to inactivate a broad spectrum of pathogens, including known and emerging viruses, bacteria, and parasites.

  14. Riboflavin deficiency Deficiency can result in: • Skin lesions • Light sensitivity • Eye disorders • Inflamed mouth or tongue, and • Cracks and sores at the mouth's corner.

  15. Low levels of B-2 • Arthritis • Colon cancer • Heart disease • Carpal tunnel syndrome • Multiple sclerosis • Anxiety, stress and fatigue

  16. Arthritis

  17. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  18. Multiple sclerosis Peshawar Medical College

  19. Glossitis

  20. Why Called Riboflavin ? It is named riboflavin because of its structural similarity to Ribose (Sugar) and its relationship to the flavins.

  21. Chemical structure of Riboflavin

  22. Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

  23. Food Sources • The richest sources of riboflavin include organ meats such as liver, kidney heart , Egg ,Fish. yeast and milk. • dark green leafy vegetables are also good sources. • Flour and cereals are enriched with riboflavin.

  24. Absorption and Metabolism Riboflavin is rapidly absorbed form upper part of small intestine and then phosphorylated in intestinal wall to its active form.

  25. Distribution and excretion • Riboflavin is found in all cells of the body but maximum concentration is found in liver and kidneys. • With an increase in intake above needs, vitamin is excreted by kidneys.

  26. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) • Daily intake of 0.6 mg per 1000 calories for persons of all ages is recommended

  27. RECOMMNED DAILY INTAKE

  28. Response to Physical state • Riboflavin is Heat stable but light sensitive. • It is easily destroyed by light, and foods stored in clear containers will lose their riboflavin content in a short period of time. • It can leach into cooking water

  29. Deficiency of vitamin B2 Deficiency of riboflavin is one of the most common deficiency disease • A shortage of this vitamin may manifest itself as cracks and sores at the corners of the mouth, eye disorders, inflammation of the mouth/ tongue, and skin lesions. • Dermatitis, dizziness, hair loss, insomnia, light sensitivity, poor digestion, retarded growth, and slow mental responses have also been reported.

  30. Riboflavin deficiency • Burning feet can also be indicative of a shortage. • May also result in dull hair, an oily skin, premature wrinkles on the face and arms, and split nails. • Riboflavin deficiency also leads to the malfunctioning of the adrenal glands

  31. THOSE WHO ARE AT RISK OF DEVELOPING RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY. Riboflavin deficiency occurs in patient of chronic liver diseases, and those who receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with inadequate riboflavin.

  32. Alcoholism Burns Cancer Diarrhea (continuing) Fever (continuing) Illness (continuing) Infection Intestinal diseases Liver disease Overactive thyroid Serious injury Stress (continuing) Surgical removal of stomach Conditions that may increase the need for riboflavin.

  33. Toxic effects • There is no known toxicity to riboflavin. • As riboflavin is water soluble, excess if taken, is excreted in the urine.

  34. Toxic effects Possible reactions to very high doses may include itching, numbness, burning or prickling sensations, and sensitivity to light.

  35. Educate your patients that • Excess riboflavin will be excreted in urine. • It will impart bright yellow color, to urine. which many people notice when they take vitamin supplement containing B-2.

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