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Photography

Photography. Group members ： Jia-Qing Yao(49814055) Bo-Jia Chen(49814021) Teacher:Ru -Li Lin. Outlines. The evolution of the camera Understanding Camera Lenses: Focal Length & Aperture Understanding Camera Exposure: Aperture, ISO & Shutter SpeedUnderstanding Depth of Field

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Photography

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  1. Photography Group members： Jia-Qing Yao(49814055) Bo-Jia Chen(49814021) Teacher:Ru-Li Lin

  2. Outlines • The evolution of the camera • Understanding Camera Lenses: Focal Length & Aperture • Understanding Camera Exposure: Aperture, ISO & Shutter SpeedUnderstanding Depth of Field • Understanding Depth of Field • Understanding White Balance • Conclusions • Reference

  3. Prehistoric Fine Arts Cave paintings are paintings found on cave walls and ceilings, and especially refer to those of prehistoric origin. The earliest such art in Europe dates back to the Aurignacian period, approximately 40,000 years ago

  4. Ancient Art Pompeii frescoesErotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum was discovered in the ancient cities around the bay of Naples (particularly of Pompeii and Herculaneum) after extensive excavations began in the 18th century.

  5. Medieval Most surviving art from the Medieval period was religious in focus, often funded by the Church, powerful ecclesiastical individuals such as bishops, communal groups such as abbeys, or wealthy secular patrons. Many had specific liturgical functions — processional crosses and altarpieces

  6. Renaissance The Renaissance is characterized by a focus on the arts of Ancient Greece and Rome, which led to many changes in both the technical aspects of painting and sculpture, as well as to their subject matter. It began in Italy, a country rich in Roman heritage as well as material prosperity to fund artists

  7. The first camera of world

  8. Now this

  9. Photography Heliography  is the photographic process invented by Joseph NicéphoreNiépce around 1822, which he used to make the earliest known permanent photograph from nature, View from the Window at Le Gras  The process used bitumen ,as a coating on glass or metal, which hardened in relation to exposure to light. When the plate was washed with oil of lavender, only the hardened image area remained.

  10. earliest surviving camera photograph

  11. One of the oldest photographic portraits known in 1839

  12. The digital camera

  13. Photpgraphy by smart phone in this century

  14. Understanding Camera Lenses: Focal Length & Aperture

  15. INFLUENCE OF LENS FOCAL LENGTH

  16. Understanding Camera Exposure: Aperture, ISO & Shutter Speed Each setting controls exposure differently: Aperture: controls the area over which light can enter your cameraShutter speed: controls the duration of the exposureISO speed: controls the sensitivity of your camera's sensor to a given amount of light EXPOSURE TRIANGLE: APERTURE, ISO & SHUTTER SPEED

  17. Shutter speed

  18. Fast Shutter Speed Slow Shutter Speed

  19. Aperture Setting

  20. Wide Aperturef/2.0 - low f-stop numbershallow depth of field Narrow Aperturef/16 - high f-stop numberlarge depth of field

  21. CAMERA EXPOSURE MODES Most digital cameras have one of the following standardized exposure modes: Auto ( ), Program (P), Aperture Priority (Av), Shutter Priority (Tv), Manual (M) and Bulb (B) mode. Each of these modes influences how aperture, ISO and shutter speed are chosen for a given exposure. Some modes attempt to pick all three values for you, whereas others let you specify one setting and the camera picks the other two (if possible). The following charts describe how each mode pertains to exposure:

  22. Understanding Depth of Field

  23. CONTROLLING DEPTH OF FIELD f/8.0 f/5.6 f/2.8

  24. Understanding White Balance Color Cast Daylight White Balance

  25. Relative intensity has been normalized for each temperature (in Kelvins).

  26. color temperature of some common light sources

  27. F-number • Aperture value (f / #) = N = lens focal length f / aperture hole diameter D • Aperture value can be regarded as a ratio of f / #, such as f / 1, f/1.4, f / 2 • We take the denominator of this ratio as described in the aperture value N, that is, 1,1.4,2 • Examples: 50mm focal length of the lens, the diameter of the aperture hole formula from the previous Example thrust reverser as: D = f / N • Aperture value 1, the aperture hole diameter is 50mm • Aperture value of 1.4, the aperture hole diameter of approximately 35mm • Aperture value, the aperture opening diameter of approximately 25mm

  28. We set f is the lens focal length, aperture hole to set the aperture value to a diameter d, formula is a = F / D, if we desire to half of the aperture hole diameter is set to D, D projections: • When the diameter d, the area of ​​the circle c is C = 1/2 * c, seeking D =? • Life R = D / 2, r = r / 2 • C = R ^ 2 * π, c = r ^ 2 * π • R ^ 2 * π = r ^ 2 * π / 2 • R = sqrt (r ^ 2/2) = r / sqrt (2) = sqrt (2) * r / 2 • Then D = R * 2 = sqrt (2) * (d / 2) / 2 = sqrt (2) * d / 2 • The new aperture value A should be: (Known: f / d = a) • A = f / D = f / (sqrt (2) * d / 2) = f / sqrt (2) / d * 2 = sqrt (2) * (f / d) = sqrt (2) * a

  29. Checking • 1 Radius: 50/2 = 25 • Area: 25 ^ 2 * pi • 3 half of the area: 25 ^ 2 * pi / 2 • 4 reverts back half of the area of ​​the radius value: sqrt (25 ^ 2 * π / 2 / π) = sqrt (25 ^ 2/2) = sqrt (2) * 25/2 • Then into: sqrt (25 ^ 2/2) * 2 = sqrt (50 ^ 2/8) * 2 = sqrt (50 ^ 2/2) = sqrt (2) * 50/2 diameter • 6 new aperture value: 50 / sqrt (50 ^ 2/2) = 50 / sqrt (2) / 50 * 2 = sqrt (2) * 50 • Note: sqrt (2) is the square root of 2 • After completion of the above calculation can be simplified to a formula: A = sqrt (2) * a • Means, aperture value * square root of 2 can calculate the value of the small aperture.

  30. If we start to f / 1, under = behalf of approximation: • 1 * root 2 = 1.414 close to 1.4 • 1.4 * square root of 2 = 1.979 close to 2 • 2 * root 2 = 2.828 close to 2.8 • 2.8 * square root of 2 = 3.959 close to 4 • 4 * square root of 2 = 5.656 close to 5.6 • 5.6 * square root of 2 = 7.919 close to 8 • 8 * root 2 = 11.313 nearly 11 • 11 * root 2 = 15.556 nearly 16 • 16 * root 2 = 22.627 nearly 22 • 22 * root 2 = 31.112 close to 32

  31. Conclusions • Due to the rapid development of the mobile phone, the phone combines camera so that everyone can take a picture at any time. • The functional requirements of the camera more and more, the machine is getting smaller and smaller, the precision of the relative production will increase, thus increasing the cost.

  32. Reference • Medieval • Renaissance • The first camera of world • Now this • Photography • earliest surviving camera photograph • One of the oldest photographic portraits known in 1839 • The digital camera • Photpgraphy by smart phone in this century • http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/depth-of-field.htm • http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/camera-exposure.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography • http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/camera-lenses.htm • F-number

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