Project Management

Project Management Dr. Everette S. Gardner, Jr.

PERT / CPM advantages 1. Disciplined planning 2. Realistic objectives 3. Unambiguous communication 4. Allows management by exception of critical tasks Project Management

Drawing networks • Activities on nodes (AoN) A B • Activities on arrows (AoA) A B • Dummy activities – In AoA, any 2 events in network can be directly connected to only one activity. Wrong: Right: x w x 12 11 w 12 11 y y Dummy 13 Project Management

Drawing networks (cont.) A x 98 • Many computer programs require one initial event and one terminal event • What’s wrong with this? 1 0 100 y B 2 99 Dummy start Dummy stop 10 J L 12 11 K Project Management

Drawing exercise 1 Activity Predecessors A - B A C A D B,C E C F D G E,F Draw this format in AoN format. Repeat in AoA format. Project Management

Drawing exercise 2 Activity Predecessors A - B - C A,B D A,B E C F C,D G F Project Management

Scheduling calculations: 1. Forward pass – Start each activity as early as possible. ES = Max. EF of immediate predecessors EF = ES + Task time 2. Backward pass – Work backward from the project completion time in step 1, starting each activity as late as possible. LS = LF – Task time LF = Min. LS of immediate successors 3. Compute slack times. Slack = LS – ES or LF – EF Project Management

Black Lagoon project Work breakdown table: Preceding Succeeding tasks tasks DescriptionTask #DaysABAB Edit script 1 2 3 4 Casting 2 1 5 6 Special effects 3 2 1 5 Build sets 4 2 1 6 Horror scenes 5 3 3 4 7 8 Other scenes 6 1 2 4 8 Previews 7 1 5 Edit film 8 2 5 6 Project Management

Black Lagoon project (cont.) Precedence diagram: #3 (2 days) Special effects #5 (3 days) Horror scenes #7 (1 Day) Previews #1 (2 days) Edit script #4 (2 days) Build sets #8 (2 days) Edit film #6 (1 day) Other scenes #2 (1 day) Casting Project Management

Time-cost tradeoffs • Activity direct costs Crash – Activity fully expedited Normal – No expediting Direct cost Time Project Management

Time-cost tradeoffs (cont.) • Project direct costs All activities crashed All activities normal Direct cost Time Project Management

Time-cost tradeoffs (cont.) • Project total costs Total cost Indirect cost (overhead) Total cost Direct cost Time Project Management

Network crashing problem Duration 9 4 1 Consider the following AoA network: ** Activity 3-5 cannot be expedited The duration of each task is shown above the arrows. The cost slope for each task is shown below the arrows. The initial critical path is 0-1-2-4-5 @ 22 days. The initial cost is $3,050. Cost slope 30 7 4 150 70 0 6 5 5 50 90 8 3 80 ** 4 2 3 200 Project Management

Network crashing problem (cont.) Cost and time data are: NormalCrash ActivityTimeCostTimeCostCost Slope 0-1 4 days $210 3 days $280 70 0-2 8 400 6 560 80 1-2 6 500 4 600 50 1-4 9 540 7 600 30 2-3 4 500 1 1,100 200 2-4 5 150 4 240 90 3-5 3 150 3 150 ** 4-5 7 600 6 750 150 3,050 4,280 ** Activity 3-5 cannot be expedited Project Management

Network crashing problem (cont.) Develop schedules ranging from 22 to 17 days for this project. Record the critical paths and total costs below: Schedule Critical Total Duration Path(s) Cost 22 0-1-2-4-5 $3,100 21 20 19 18 17 Project Management

Project Management