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Energy Behavior Change + Low Energy Homes Kent Larson kll@mit.edu. “Just In Time” Delivery. Appalling Statistic: The US, with 5% of the world’s population, consumes 25% of the world’s energy. Energy consumption (kg of oil equivalents per capita) US: 7798 Denmark: 3045.
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Energy Behavior Change + Low Energy Homes Kent Larson kll@mit.edu “Just In Time” Delivery
Appalling Statistic: The US, with 5% of the world’s population, consumes 25% of the world’s energy
Energy consumption (kg of oil equivalents per capita) US: 7798 Denmark: 3045
US Consumption of Energy: 39% Buildings 33% Industrial 28% Transportation
US Consumption of Energy in Buildings: 54% Residential 46% Commercial & Institutional
Energy consumed over the life of a building: 84% Use 13% Manufacturing 2% Construction 1% Demolition
Cost-effectiveness of energy-related investment in cents/kwh: 30-80¢Photovoltaics 5-10¢ Small Hydro 4-7¢ Nuclear 4-6¢ Gas 4¢ Coal 3¢ Wind 0.8¢Low Energy Homes (+) Energy Behavior Change Energy Sources
Information at the point of decision – changing driving behavior
Information at the point of decision – changing driving behavior
PlaceLab Energy Wastage • Study • Married couple • 10 week pilot study • 37 electrical circuits monitored • Activity detection location every 8 seconds
MITes • (MIT Environmental Sensors) • Variations: • 1) Object motion • 2) Body movement • 3) Temperature • 4) Light level • 5) RFID reader • 6) Haptic output • 7) Location beacons • 8) IR distance ranger • 9) Electrical current • (Electrical device use) • 10) Ultra violet light • 11) Heart rate monitor • Funded by National Science Foundation (NSF)
hinged panels to micro-controllers speakers air quality sensors IR illuminators hinged panels to sensor bus cabinet door switches countertop activity cameras refrigerator use sensors microwave use sensors oven & range use sensors cabinet drawer sensors hot water use sensor cold water use sensor hinged panels to sensor bus cabinet door switches sensor network connections internet connections temperature sensors Power integrated into cabinetry hinged panels to subwoofers
Data: Where people are Human activity Human Interaction with systems and objects State of environment Focus on: Energy behaviors PlaceLab
Study 1 • Potential for reducing consumption
Handlense sensor visualization tool • Developed at House_n Vampire power sources Unused lights & Devices Analysis Tool • Example: device consuming power in red, lights on in yellow
Space in use Devices in use Projected Usage • Devices and lights on only in spaces with occupancy
Study 2 GPS Enabled Thermostat Can we more effectively encourage energy conservation by combining? Information + Automation + Persuasion + Control + Positive Reinforcement
Phone with GPS communicates travel time to home • Return • home • Leave • home • Comfortable Temperature • Comfortable • Temperature • upon arrival • Thermostat • Set back • When unoccupied • Begin to • Travel home Automation GPS Enabled Thermostat
Cooling as fast as Possible to 72 deg Time to Cool 27 min. Information GPS Enabled Thermostat
Which is more effective in encouraging behavior change: • Save 25c today • Save $91 • this year • Have $758 more five years from now • Have $22,055 more for retirement at age 65 How information is presented is critical!
Study 3 • Tunable LED lighting responsive to activity and path prediction • w/ Siemens (Sylvania): • (so that office occupants are never aware of lighting adjustment)
Low Energy Homes MIT House_n Research Consortium Open Prototype Initiative
Open Prototype Initiative • Open_2 • President’s zero-energy house, Unity College, Maine b
Disentangled layers with • six primary systems: • Utility chassis • Loft chassis • Roof components • Integrated interior infill • Responsive façade components • Agile technologies
Utility chassis: all plumbing, electrical distribution, HVAC, bathrooms, kitchen, solar equipment (highly constrained) Unity College, Maine President’s Zero Energy, LEED Platinum House
Responsive, high performance façade components
Chassis interior w/o infill Infill design A Infill design B
mechanical module sliding panels integrated infill wall timber frame “chassis” insulating doors (w/ aerogel) solar shades Goal: scalable systems, optimized w/o engineers and architects
Open_3 • Cambridge, MA • Mass-customized, zero energy, multifamily “living lab” • Open_3: mass customized apartments
Energy Behavior Change + Low Energy Homes Kent Larson kll@mit.edu “Just In Time” Delivery