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NOAA ESRL and PMEL EPIC Research Background

NOAA ESRL and PMEL EPIC Research Background. The Physical Science Division of ESRL ( formerly ETL) and PMEL have cooperated with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the University of Miami in a study of climate processes in the Eastern Pacific.

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NOAA ESRL and PMEL EPIC Research Background

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  1. NOAA ESRL and PMEL EPIC ResearchBackground • The Physical Science Division of ESRL (formerly ETL) and PMEL have cooperated with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the University of Miami in a study of climate processes in the Eastern Pacific. • The strategy is based on enhanced near-surface observations of the 95 W TAO buoy line, a Climate Reference Buoy in the stratocumulus region at 25 S 85 W, and turbulence, cloud, and boundary layer observations from the research vessels servicing these buoys. • Observations include all components surface energy budget, direct fluxes, clouds, surface waves, boundary layer profiles, aerosols • Observations were also obtained during the EPIC2001 process study • This climate process dataset is available to the entire research community: • 1999-2004 Enhancements and cruises (spring and fall) along 95 W • 2001, 2003-2005 Observations and cruises (fall) at 25 S 85 W • These observations provide: • Unique information for improving understanding of regional climate system • Temporal/spatial context for the EPIC2001 intensive field study • Ground truth for satellite and NWP products • Detailed characterizations of physical processes and connection to variability • Development/testing of parameterizations for climate and NWP models • A testbed for developing observing technologies and improving the Ocean Observing System

  2. NOAA ESRL and PMEL EPIC ResearchObservations and Analysis • Climate process data sets:13 cruises, 11 enhanced buoys • Observing technology development (7 papers) • Fundamental studies of microwave/radar retrievals of cloud liquid water and microphysics • Motion-stabilized high-frequency cloud radar development • Buoy-ship intercomparisons of air-sea fluxes • Direct covariance measurements CO2, ozone, DMS fluxes (all breakthroughs) • Analytical studies using the data (10 papers) • ITCZ/cold tongue boundary-layer structure • Cloud structures, multiple cloud layers, cloud-radiative coupling • Deep convection, atmospheric waves, and moisture convergence

  3. NOAA ESRL and PMEL EPIC ResearchPrediction and Models • Develop/test new parameterizations (7 papers) • Liquid water – fractional cloud cover • PBL depth in cloud conditions (CCM3) • Multiple cloud layers • New surface ocean T profiles and data assimilation (NWS/EMC) • Clear sky radiative fluxes • Fast turbulent flux algorithm (NRL) • Air-sea gas transfer (HOA) • Intercomparisons with NWP and Satellite products (5 papers) • Radiative fluxes with NCEP and ECMWF reanalysis, ISCCP satellite product • Turbulent fluxes and bulk variables with NCEP and ECMWF reanalysis, satellite product • Satellite cloud microphysics, cloud top height Solar and IR cloud forcing as a function of latitude along 110/95 W averaged for the spring. The symbols for measurements are: TAO buoys – circle, ETL ship data – square, ISCCP – right pointing open triangle, mean of these three - solid red line. The symbols for the reanalysis products are: NCEP2 – left pointing triangle, and ERA40 – star. These results show errors in NWP solar fluxes as large as 100 W/m2

  4. NOAA ESRL and PMEL EPIC ResearchClimate ForcingSOLAS connection • Air-sea fluxes of Greenhouse cases • (CO2 and Ozone) • Aerosol – DMS connections • Cloud – aerosol feedback Cloud-aerosol Indirect Effect Example from Stratus2005: Minimum in PBL aerosol concentration corresponds to broken cloud period and much higher transmission of solar flux to ocean.

  5. NOAA ESRL and PMEL EPIC ResearchWHOI and U. MiamiSummary • Created air-sea interaction climatological data base for EPAC • Promoted understanding of climate processes • Analytical studies • Regional modeling studies • Collaborations with U. Washington, UCLA, U. Arizona, U. Miami, FSU, LDEO • Model Advances • Developed/tested parameterizations of air-sea fluxes, cloud, PBL processes • Model intercomparisons • Links with WCRP Model projects: SEAFLUX and SURFA • Links with Climate Process Team • Liaison with NCEP/EMC, NCEP/CPC, NESDIS/NCDC, NRL, NCAR • Improvements in ocean observing system • Buoy air-sea flux accuracies • Cloud/PBL observation technologies • Satellite intercomparisons

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