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PRIME MINISTERS AND PRESIDENTS

Explore the differences between prime ministers and presidents in terms of selection, powers, tenure, and their relationships with the legislature and bureaucracy. Understand implications of their formal roles, tenure limits, and influence over the bureaucracy.

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PRIME MINISTERS AND PRESIDENTS

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  1. PRIME MINISTERS AND PRESIDENTS WHO IS MORE POWERFUL?

  2. Prime Ministers and Presidents -- Differences • selection • powers • tenure • relationship with legislature • relationship with bureaucracy

  3. Prime Ministers and Presidents -- Selection • Prime Minister • leader of party that controls a majority of seats in the House of Commons • implications?

  4. Prime Ministers and Presidents -- Selection • Prime Minister • no direct “mandate” from the people • implications? • can be PM without being elected PM • PM can be forced out of office by internal challenger • PM can be shielded by party from low personal popularity

  5. Prime Ministers and Presidents -- Selection • Prime Minister • President • primaries • election

  6. Formal Roles of the President • Chief Political Executive • Head of State • Commander in Chief

  7. Prime Ministers and Presidents – Formal Powers • President • Prime Minister • chief political executive • NOT Head of State • NOT Commander in Chief

  8. Prime Ministers and Presidents -- Tenure • President • fixed term elections • term limits (22nd Amendment – 1951) • implications • guaranteed 4 year tenure • can’t pick and choose election timing • freed from concern of re-election in second term • “lame duck” presidents

  9. Prime Ministers and Presidents -- Tenure • President • Prime Minister • maximum time limit on Parliament (5 years) • chooses timing of election (or forced into election)

  10. Prime Ministers and Presidents – Relationship with Legislature • Prime Minister • under majority – virtually absolute control over legislature • President...

  11. Legislates, Controls Budget, Approves Nominations and Treaties, Override Veto, Impeach VETO! Declare Laws Unconstitutional Declare Acts Unconstitutional Confirms Nominations, Impeach Nominates Judges

  12. Congress and the President • United vs. Divided Government • frequency and causes of divided government • effects of divided government

  13. Prime Ministers and Presidents – Relationship with Bureaucracy • chain of command/accountability • Canada • hierarchical • directly to the PM • United States • divided control

  14. Chain of Accountability Prime Minister Parliament Minister Department

  15. Controls Budget, Approves Nominations and Treaties, Override Veto, Impeach VETO Presidential Directives, Legislation, Appropriation, Oversight Executive Appointments

  16. Prime Ministers and Presidents – Relationship with Bureaucracy • power of appointment • President • top 3000 bureaucratic appointments are political appointees of the President • Prime Minister • upper levels of the Canadian bureaucracy are career civil servants • limited scope for Prime Ministerial appointments

  17. Prime Ministers and Presidents – Relationship with Bureaucracy • power of appointment • implications? • President • their own people in powerful bureaucratic positions • limited by the quality and experience of those appointees • senior civil service exposed to popular political influences • Prime Minister • career civil servants in most powerful bureaucratic positions • PM gets benefit of high quality and highly experienced civil servants • senior civil service insulated from popular political influences

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