Environmental Impact Assessment For Development Projects

1. FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Sustainable and Cleaner Production in the Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan SCI-Pak Mar 2009- Feb 2012 Environmental Impact Assessment For Development Projects

2. WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Environmental Assessment is a planning tool and its main purpose is to give the environment its due place in the decision making process by evaluating the environmental consequences of the proposed activity. Environmental Assessment for development projects EIA or IEE in accordance with the EIA/IEE Regulations WHY NEED EIA? • Mandatory legal requirement • Requirement of the buyers • Social Responsibility • Influence of the donor agencies

3. BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT • Protection of Environmental and Human Health • Opportunity for Public participation • Sustainable use of resources • Minimize the risk of disasters

4. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance 1983 • Enacted on 31 December 1983 • provides for the control of pollution and preservation of living environment • Section-8 of PEPO requires the submission of detailed EIS at the time of planning the project. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 • Enacted on 6th December 1997 by repealing PEPO-1983 • Provides framework for protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, for the prevention and control f pollution and promotion of sustainable development. • Section-12 of PEPA-1997 requires the submission of EA Report prior to the start of construction. • Section-17 defines the penalties in case of failure to comply with the provisions of the Act. • Four Environmental Tribunals, one in each province have been constituted to hear the cases relating to PEPA-97.

5. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN PEPA (Review of IEE and EIA Regulations,2000 • Projects requiring an IEE or EIA are listed in schedule I and II respectively on the basis of anticipated degree of adverse environmental impacts • Provides necessary details on preparation, submission, review and approval Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures, 1997 • Guidelines by Federal EPA for conducting Environmental Assessments and Management of different types of development projects. Guidelines include: • General Guidelines • Policy and procedures for filing, review and approval of Environmental Assessment • Preparation and review of Environmental Reports • Public Participation

6. Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas • National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS): Promulgated in 1993 and revised in 2000 for municipal and industrial effluents, industrial gaseous and vehicular emissions • Sectoral Guidelines • Major thermal power stations • Major chemical and manufacturing plant • Municipal waste disposal • New Township development • Oil and gas exploration and production • Major roads • Water supply projects • Sewerage schemes • Industrial Estates

7. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN NEQS (Self Monitoring and SMART Rules, 2001) • Classification of Industrial Units into A,B and C depending upon the pollution level • Environmental priority parameters and frequency of monitoring Other Environmental Laws • Long list that falls in the category of Environmental Laws • Other laws applicable to the development projects are following;

8. ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP FOR EIA • Federal EPA have overall jurisdiction over EIA/IEE PAK-EPA (Responsible for implementing the PEPA-1997) Provincial Agencies Punjab EPD Sindh EPA Balochistan EPA NWFP EPA Environmental Assessment for Development Projects

9. INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS • Signatory to various international environmental treaties and conventions on • wildlife protection and conservation of environment • Fulfill the commitments of treaties

10. EIA PROCESS IN PAKISTAN Project Proposal Screening NO IEE EIA Public, Scientific Community and Decision Makers Participate Scoping Identification of Impacts & Appropriate Mitigation Measures Public Informed & Consulted Draft Report Final Report Implementation & Follow-up Approved Review of Report by Regulatory Authority and Public Decision Making Not Approved Redesign & Resubmit

11. EIA Process/Preparation Screening “Process of judgment to decide, whether or not to conduct Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed activity”. Scoping • “ Determination of most critical issues to be studied”. • Process of interaction between interested public, government agencies and the proponent • Early step to identify the important issues and eliminate the those that are not • Time and money saved activity • Use of Activity • Reasonableand practical alternatives • Inform potentially affected people • Identify possible effects on the environment and alternatives • Define the boundaries for further assessment

12. Analytical methods and consultation procedures • Decision making • Roles of Stakeholders • Proponent • The responsible authority • Other departments and agencies • Environmental experts Report Preparation and Steps • Introduction • Project Description • Baseline Environmental Profile (Description of existing environment both biotic and abiotic) • Identification and assessment of impacts • Appropriate mitigation measures • Environmental management and monitoring plan

13. Introduction Covering purpose of the report including identification of the project & proponent, description of size, nature and location of the project, objective & scope of the study Project Description Type and category of the project, objective of the project, alternatives considered, Maps and drawings, size and magnitude of operation, restoration plan, Government approvals. Description of Environment Sufficient information on existing environmental resources including physical resources, ecological resources and socioeconomic conditions of the area.

14. Identification and Prediction of Potential Environmental Impacts Identification and prediction of environmental impacts during design, construction and operational phase of the project. Checklist and Matrix are commonly employed techniques. Characteristics of the impacts: Nature, magnitude, duration, reversibility Mitigation Measures Suggest appropriate measures to minimize or eliminate the impacts Environmental Management Plan • Ensure effective implementation of mitigation measures • Responsibilities are assigned to staff

15. Environmental Monitoring Plan • Monitoring of environmental quality parameters to obtain the information on current levels potentially harmful parameters of water, air and soil quality. • SMART provides the details and frequency of environmental priority parameters (both liquid and gaseous) to be measured TOC of an EIA Report is attached

16. EPA PERFORMANCE STATISTICS IEE and EIA Applications Received by Federal and Provincial EPAs

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