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Federalists Presidents 1789-1825. Learning Objectives for Federalist Presidents. Identify major challenges of early American government. Washington’s Administration.
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Learning Objectives for Federalist Presidents • Identify major challenges of early American government.
Washington’s Administration • April 30, 1789: Took oath of Office as first president of the United States; really wanted to establish precedence and honor to the position • Funding and Assumption: Federal gov.t would take over responsibility of the $25 million debts; pay off the $52 million debt from Revolutionary War through excise taxes • Bank of the United States: Created by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton; argued that gov.t needed a way to provide funds to make America strong
Washington’s Administration • Whiskey Rebellion:1st real test of the Federal gov.t; responded and put it down without any bloodshed • Jay’s Treaty: During the French Revolution, Britain was seizing Am. Ships; also had promised to leave the Northwest as agreed in 1783; Jay negotiated the withdrawal of British forces from Northwest, but nothing more • Washington’s Farewell Address:Warned of the dangers of political parties and a desire to return to non-partisan government
John Adams’ Administration • XYZ Affair: During French Revolution, the French seized Am. Ships; negotiators were sent to deal with France, but never did because of the bribe demanded by French Foreign minister • Alien and Sedition Acts:Allowed the president to arrest and deport aliens for suspected “treasonable” acts; was a violation of Bill of Rights
John Adams’ Administration • Naturalization Acts: Increase the period of residence from 5 to 14 years before becoming a naturalized citizen • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: written with the idea of expressing displeasure over the Alien and Sedition Acts; wanted to rally public opinion for the Republican cause
John Adams’ Administration • John Marshall:Appointed to the Supreme court and served for over 30 years as the Chief Justice; did a lot to shape the Judicial branch • Judiciary Act of 1801: Created 6 circuit courts and 16 new judgeships, which were filled by Adams with Federalists in the fabled “midnight appointments”
Thomas Jefferson’s Administration • Marbury v. Madison:Major landmark case that established judicial review after Madison removed the “midnight” appointments from being delivered • March 1801: Jefferson was inaugurated in the new National capital, Washington, D.C. • Louisiana Purchase: Doubled the size of the U.S. with this purchase from France for approximately $15 million
Thomas Jefferson’s Administration • Lewis and Clark:Hired to map, explore, and take local plant and animal samples as well as inform the Native Americans of the new “Great White father”, the American government • Tecumseh: tried to unite many Native American tribes against American expansion; lost a lot of his army at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811; tried to play off the British against the Americans • Pan-Indian Movement: movement started to try and unite Indian forces again American expansion
Thomas Jefferson’s Administration • Embargo Act:Cut off foreign trade with foreign governments; did not work well and hurt America more than it made a statement • 1809-repeal of the Embargo Act: Allowed the U.S. to start trading again with foreign countries except Great Britain and France
James Madison’s Presidency: • War of 1812:Started over shipping infractions and unwillingness to stop harassing American ships; wasn’t needed because Britain agreed to terms, but didn’t get the word to Americans in time • War Hawks: Group of Congressmen who wanted war with GB in order to gain Canada; pushed Madison into war with Britain • Lowest Point in the War: British burned Washington, D.C. in 1814
James Madison’s Presidency • Francis Scott Key:Wrote a poem entitled the “Defense of Fort McHenry” that later became the words to Star Spangled Banner • Hartford Convention: Federalists (in last ditch effort) tried to create a new government that restricted the president and a new constitution; failed with victory at New Orleans • Battle of New Orleans: Big victory for the Americans where Andrew Jackson made a name for himself; restored faith in America • Treaty of Ghent: Treaty that ended the War of 1812; went back to the pre-war boundaries
James Monroe Presidency • “Era of Good Feelings:” Name given and campaign promise at the beginning of the new president’s adminstration; short-lived • Panic of 1819: Crop prices fell, leading to economic failure • Missouri Compromise: Maine was admitted as free state, Missouri as slave state, slavery not allowed above the 36’30 pararel • Adams’-Onis Treaty: agreement that set the boundary between Spanish and American lands; • Rush-Bagot Treaty: established boundaries between Canada and U.S.
James Monroe Presidency • Monroe Doctrine: statement that the European countries need to stay out of Western Hemisphere; in exchange, the U.S. will stay out of European affairs
WIO: Paragraph Response on first 5 presidents • Write a well developed paragraph (intro, body, and conclusion) on the following prompt: • Based on what you have learned about early government development, select your top 3 obstacles the early government overcame, and why they were so important to the development of Modern America.
