CHEM 100 M/W/F - 9:40am - 10:40am W: 7:00 – 8:00 pm

1. CHEM 100M/W/F - 9:40am - 10:40amW: 7:00 – 8:00 pm Szu-Weis Steve Yang/楊四維 Phone: x72451 Graduate Student Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. of Education

2. Today’s Objectives • Syllabus /Course Design/ Expectations • What is Chemistry? • Measurements in Chemistry • Matter / Energy / Laws • Preparation for Next Class Next: Syllabus

3. Syllabus • Homework assignments: CAPA sets • http://capa1.chem.binghamton.edu/capa-bin/class.html • Exam format • Exams, recitations, in-class quizzes, final • Multiple choice, short answers • How to use textbook • Chapter review, skim the text, do exercises Next: Course design

4. Course Design Prepare for taking General Chemistry/Chem 107. Next: Expectations

5. Expectations • What is Chemistry CHEMISTRY CHEM IS TRY!!! • Get familiar or memorize Laws/Principals. • Do more exercises. Next: Chemistry???

6. What is Chemistry? • First and foremost, it is a central science • A way of thinking about the interactions of matter in our environment Next: measurements

7. Measurements in Chemistry • Numbers vs. Units • Metric (SI) vs. English (Standard) • All numbers in Chemistry need units • Examples: miles/hour, gallons, Joule/s • All Units in Chemistry can be expressed with SI Next: Base units

8. Measurements in Chemistry Next: Other units

9. Measurements in Chemistry • other units • Volume • Area • Power • Velocity • Density Next: Prefix

10. SI Prefix Next:

11. Measurements in Chemistry • What is the difference between MASS and WEIGHT? Mass- is a quantity of matter, and is constant (as long as object remains unchanged) • Weight- is the force gravity exerts on an object and is variable depending on where you are Next: Dimension analysis

12. Measurements in Chemistry • Write out the desired conversion (could be multiple steps) • General Steps for Dimensional Analysis: • Obtain the conversion factor (could be multiple steps) • Perform the conversion calculation(s) Next: Matter

13. Measurements in Chemistry • Question: • Use Dimensional Analysis! • How many kilometers are in 3 miles (given that 1 mile = 1.609 kilometers)? Next: Matter

14. Matter • What is matter • Matter refers to the material things around us • Matter has mass and occupies space Next: Phases of matter

15. Matter • Matter can exist in three primary states: • Solid • Liquid • Gas • What is the key difference between these three states of matter? Next: Phase transitions

16. Matter • When I convert a substance from one state to another, what happens to the atoms or molecules that make up that substance? • NOTHING!!! • Change between states deal with the physical interaction between the atoms or molecules of substance, but no chemical changes occur Next: Physical property vs chemical property

17. Matter • Physical Change vs. Chemical Change • Physical change involves a change in the form of matter, but not in its chemical identity • Chemical change is a change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into one or more new kinds of matter Next: Examples

18. Matter • What are some examples of a physical property of a material? • What are examples of chemical properties? • Melting Point, Boiling Point, Tensile Strength, Hardness, etc. • Reactivity Next: Substances vs mixtures

19. Matter • A Substance is a material that cannot be separated into different materials by any physical process • A Mixture is a material that can be separated by physical processes into two or more substances • Examples: Water, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen • Examples: Alcohol/Water, Saltwater, M&M’s Next: types of mixtures

20. Matter • There are two distinct types of mixtures: • Homogeneous: • Heterogeneous: - A Mixture that is uniform in its properties throughout - A Mixture that consists of physically distinct parts with different properties Next: Some terminologies

21. Matter • A few more chemical terms to identify: • Element • Compound cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction into simpler substances composed of two or more elements that have been chemically combined Next: Law of Definite Proportions

22. Matter • Law of Definite Proportions states the following: • a pure compound, whatever its source, always has definite (or constant) proportions of the elements by mass Next: The Law of the Conservation of MAss

23. Matter • Lavoisier articulated the Law of Conservation of Mass as the following: • the total mass remains constant during a chemical reaction Next: Energy

24. Energy/q • Energy is defined as the potential or capacity to move matter • Kinetic: energy of matter in motion • Potential: energy not yet set into motion • It is classified into one of two types: • What are some examples of kinetic and potential energy? Next: Units

25. Energy/q • Energy Units: • SI: Joule (J) • Standard: Calorie (cal) • 4.184 J/Cal • defined as quantity of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1oC Next: A common sense

26. Energy/q • Question: When a hot object is placed in direct contact with a cold object, which way does the heat flow? • From the hot object to the cold object (hot object gets cooler and the cold object gets warmer) Next: Specific heat

27. Energy/q • To do calculations regarding heat and energy, we need to define one last quantity: • Specific Heat: the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of the substance by 1oC • Units: J/(g oC) Next: The formula

28. Energy/q • Governing equation: • q = m·S·DT where • m = Mass of substance • S = Specific Heat of Substance • DT = Temperature difference Next: Example

29. Energy • Example: • A 35.6g section of copper wire has its temperature raised from 25oC to 58oC (specific heat of copper is 0.384 J/g·oC) • How much heat was needed to affect this change? Next: Law of Conservation of Energy

30. Energy • One last definition: • Law of Conservation of Energy - energy may be converted from one form to another, but the total quantity of energy remains constant Next: Review

31. Three Definitions • Law of Definite Composition: • Law of Conservation of Mass: • Law of Conservation of Energy Next:

32. Next Class • Significant Figures! • Try to log onto CAPA and bring questions / concerns with you • Complete worksheet and bring to class with you on Wednesday