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CI 4.6 – Born-Haber Cycle

CI 4.6 – Born-Haber Cycle. (C) JHUDSON 2005. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. What do we mean by lattice enthalpy?.

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CI 4.6 – Born-Haber Cycle

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  1. CI 4.6 – Born-Haber Cycle (C) JHUDSON 2005

  2. - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + What do we mean by lattice enthalpy? For an ionic compound the lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole of solid in its standard state is formed from its ions in the gaseous state. For an ionic compound the lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole of solid in its standard state is formed from its ions in the gaseous state. The lattice enthalpy cannot be measured directly and so we make use of other known enthalpies and link them together with an enthalpy cycle. This enthalpy cycle is the Born-Haber cycle.

  3. θ S H = +107kJmol-1 -100 -200 -300 -400 kJmol-1 Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride +800 +700 1 Sublimation of Sodium +600 +500 +400 +300 +200 Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) +100 Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) 0

  4. θ D ½ H = +121kJmol-1 -100 -200 -300 -400 kJmol-1 Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride +800 +700 +600 2 Bond Dissociation of Chlorine +500 +400 +300 Na(g) + Cl(g) +200 Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) +100 Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) 0

  5. θ I H = +502kJmol-1 + -100 -200 -300 -400 kJmol-1 Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride +800 Na+(g) + Cl(g) +700 e- +600 e- 3 First Ionisation of Sodium +500 e- +400 e- e- +300 Na(g) + Cl(g) +200 Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) +100 Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) 0

  6. θ E H = -355kJmol-1 - -100 -100 -100 -200 -200 -200 -300 -300 -300 -400 -400 -400 kJmol-1 Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride +800 +800 +800 Na+(g) + Cl(g) +700 +700 +700 4 Electron Affinity of Chlorine +600 +600 +600 +500 +500 +500 +400 +400 +400 Na+(g) + Cl-(g) +300 +300 +300 Na(g) + Cl(g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na(g) + Cl(g) +200 +200 +200 Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) e- +100 +100 +100 Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) 0 0 0

  7. - - - - - + + + + -100 -100 -100 θ F H = -411kJmol-1 -200 -200 -200 -300 -300 -300 -400 -400 -400 kJmol-1 Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride +800 +800 +800 Na+(g) + Cl(g) +700 +700 +700 +600 +600 +600 +500 +500 +500 +400 +400 +400 Na+(g) + Cl-(g) +300 +300 +300 Na(g) + Cl(g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na(g) + Cl(g) +200 +200 +200 Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) +100 +100 +100 Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) 0 0 0 5 Formation of Sodium Chloride NaCl(s)

  8. - - - - - + + + + -100 -100 -100 θ L H = -786kJmol-1 -200 -200 -200 -300 -300 -300 -400 -400 -400 kJmol-1 Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride +800 +800 +800 Na+(g) + Cl(g) +700 +700 +700 +600 +600 +600 +500 +500 +500 +400 +400 +400 Na+(g) + Cl-(g) +300 +300 +300 Na(g) + Cl(g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Lattice Enthalpy for Sodium Chloride +200 +200 +200 Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) +100 +100 +100 Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) 0 0 0 NaCl(s)

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