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Disease and Vaccinations

Disease and Vaccinations. AGRI 3364. Disease Control. What effects disease control? Management Well fed Well managed healthy horses Which are not subjected to undue stress Vaccinations alone will not Prevent disease. Disease Control.

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Disease and Vaccinations

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  1. Disease and Vaccinations AGRI 3364

  2. Disease Control • What effects disease control? • Management • Well fed • Well managed healthy horses • Which are not subjected to undue stress • Vaccinations alone will not • Prevent disease

  3. Disease Control • Incidence of infectious disease tends to increase with what? • Numbers • What other factors influence disease? • Environment and Management • Quarantine may be necessary for new horses

  4. Vaccinations • Disease control programs may vary according to? • Age • Type • Number • Stocking Density • Facilities • Geographic Location • Potential Exposure to Individual Diseases

  5. Diseases • Tetanus • Caused by Clostridium tetani • Spores can live in soil for many years • Not contagious • Deep puncture wounds or open lacerations • Act by preventing relaxation • “Sawhorse” stance • Become unable to eat or drink • Finally cease to breathe

  6. Diseases • Tetanus • Yearly booster for all horses • Pregnant mares 4 – 6 wks before foaling • Tetanus antitoxin also available for short time protection

  7. Diseases • Equine Encephalomyelitis • AKA Sleeping Sickness • Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Strains • Transmitted by mosquitoes • Not contagious horse to horse • Causes degeneration of the brain • High Fever • Mild Depression • Loss of Appetite

  8. Diseases • Equine Encephalomyelitis • Paralysis eventually occurs • Eating and Drinking Cease • Annual Vaccination Suggested • 4 to 6 months before foaling • Foal vaccination at 3 to 4 months

  9. Diseases • Influenza • Most common infectious respiratory disease • Highly contagious • Virus – can travel 35 yards • Effects lungs causing discharge and coughing • Fever up to 106 • Recovery within 10 days generally • Viruses continually evolving • Vaccination schedules vary

  10. Diseases • Equine Herpesvirus • AKA Rhinopneumonitis • Type 1 and Type 4 • Both infect respiratory tract • Similar characteristics to flu • Type 1 causes abortions • Type 4 commonly found in • Young horses entering into training • Mares to be vaccinated at 5, 7, & 9 months

  11. Diseases • Strangles • Bacterium Streptococcus equi • Primarily effects young horses • AKA distemper or barn fever • Transmitted by direct contact also water troughs, etc. • Fever, depression, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes • Vaccines are not completely effective • Vaccine schedules vary

  12. Diseases • Rabies • Neurological Disease • Must be bitten by infected wildlife • Negra bodies in brain • Fatal

  13. Diseases • Equine Infectious Anemia • Caused by a virus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus • Once infected always infected • Most common transmitters are? • Flys • Coggins test • If positive is suggested to euthanize

  14. Diseases • West Nile Disease • Mosquito Borne virus • First detected in US in 1999 • Causes encephalitis • No treatment known at this time • Vaccine available now

  15. Diseases • Equine ProtozoalMyoencephalitis (EPM) • First Recognized in mid 1970’s • Can affect any horse • Caused by ingestion of protozoa • Lead to in coordination • Vaccine and treatment now available

  16. Diseases • Vesicular Stomatitis • Virus • Causes lesions, excessive salivation, and drooling • Generally breakouts occur in warm months • Looks similar to foot and mouth disease • Transmission not clear • No specific treatment or cure • Supportive Care

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