i>Clicker Questions

1. Chapter 17: Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877–1911 i>Clicker Questions

2. 1. The process through which American corporations created new procedures to administer their complex operations in the second half of the nineteenth century is known by what name? a. The cost accounting system b. Departmentalization c. Trust building d. The management revolution

3. 2. What was the nature of the new legal form called the trust created in 1882 by John D. Rockefeller's lawyers? a. To merge smaller competitors into a single corporation b. To use a board to manage an assemblage of corporations as a single entity c. To control production and sales from raw materials to the final product d. To drive smaller competitors from the market with low prices

4. 3. What selling strategy did Montgomery Ward and Sears use to reach rural customers in the late nineteenth century? a. Billboard advertising b. Mail-order catalogs c. Telephone solicitation d. Traveling salesmen

5. 4. Which factor was a critical cause for the loss of the proud independence that characterized craft work in the nineteenth century? a. The collapse of corporate middle management b. The deskilling of manufacturing c. Cuts in workers' wages d. A large influx of immigrants

6. 5. Why did nearly one-third of African American men work in personal service occupations in the United States in 1890? a. They preferred such jobs to industrial occupations. b. They did not have the skills needed for other jobs. c. Corporate and industrial employers turned them away. d. Few other jobs were available in the southern states.

7. 6. What led the U.S. Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882? a. A major riot sparked by Chinese residents of San Francisco in 1877 b. The murder of whites by Chinese miners in Rock Springs, Wyoming c. A campaign by Dennis Kearny of the California Workingmen's Party d. Intense political pressure applied by the Pacific coast states

8. 7. Why was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 significant? a. It won major gains for workers in all the major American industries. b. It was organized by the first successful American labor union. c. It convinced Pennsylvania's governor to take the side of the state's workers. d. It brought the problem of industrial labor into Americans' consciousness.

9. 8. Why did farmers object to the high tariff policies of the 1870s and 1880s? a. They feared that the high tariffs would expand the nation's money supply. b. They suggested the tariffs increased prices on manufactured goods but failed to protect export crops. c. They believed that the tariffs favored English manufacturers and threatened the U.S. economy. d. They feared that the high tariffs would inflate crop prices and threaten the public's ability to buy food.

10. 9. How did the Knights of Labor believe that labor reform could best be achieved in the nineteenth century? a. Through a cooperative commonwealth in which workers owned and ran the factories b. By creating a political party devoted to the interests of labor c. By creating strong craft-based unions that were able to bargain successfully with management d. Through the creation of a tightly knit union that excluded nonwhites and women

11. 10. Why was the labor violence at Haymarket Square of Chicago in 1886 significant? a. It expanded membership in the Knights of Labor. b. It discredited the labor movement. c. It turned Americans against anarchists. d. It led to quick passage of laws cutting back immigration significantly.

12. Answer Key 1. The answer is d. 2. The answer is b. 3. The answer is b. 4. The answer is b. 5. The answer is c. 6. The answer is d. 7. The answer is d. 8. The answer is b. 9. The answer is a. 10. The answer is b.