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ܐ. ʾ. ʾ alaph (silent; can have value of ā or ē). ܒ. b. bēt. ܓ. g. gāmal. ܕ. d. dālat. ܗ. h. het. ܘ. w or v. waw / vav Can also have value of o, u. ܙ. z. zayn. ܚ. ḥ. ḥet ( pronounced “ch” as in “loch”). ܛ. ṭ. ṭet (a hard, emphatic “t”). ܝ ܝ ܝ. y.
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ʾ ʾalaph (silent; can have value of ā or ē)
b bēt
g gāmal
d dālat
h het
w or v waw / vav Can also have value of o, u
z zayn
ḥ ḥet ( pronounced “ch” as in “loch”)
ṭ ṭet (a hard, emphatic “t”)
y yodh
k kāp Medial (L) and final (R) form
l lāmad
m mim
n nun medial (L) and two final (R) forms
s semkat
ʿ ʿē (pronounced in back of throat; “ghey”);transliterated with backward apostrophe
p pē (pronounced, “pay”)
ṣ ṣādē (“ts” sound as in “jets”)
q qop
r resh
Š “sh” sound; shin (“sheen”)
t taw / tav