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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece. Balkan Peninsula. The Geography of Greece. Mainland is a peninsula. Trading and fishing Farming – wheat, barley, olives, and grapes Fiercely independent due to being divided by mts and seas. The Minoans. Island of Crete

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece

  2. Ancient Greece Balkan Peninsula

  3. The Geography of Greece • Mainland is a peninsula. • Trading and fishing • Farming – wheat, barley, olives, and grapes • Fiercely independent due to being divided by mts and seas

  4. The Minoans • Island of Crete • Earned living by shipbuilding and trade • Arthur Evans • Knossos • Collapsed about 1450 B.C. • Theories

  5. Palace at Knossos

  6. Wall painting from Knossos

  7. The First Greek Kingdoms • Built by the Mycenaeans who were originally from central Asia • Warriors became nobles who ruled the people they conquered.

  8. What were Mycenaean Kingdoms like? • Fortified palace on a hill --- centerpiece of each kingdom • Large farms (estates) belonged to nobles • Slaves and farmers lived on the estates

  9. Power from Trade and War • Copied the ways Minoans • Work with bronze and shipbuilding • Learned how to use sun and stars at sea • Started worshipping Mother Earth (Minoans’ chief goddess) • Replaced Minoans as a major power • King Agamemnon --- Trojan War

  10. What was the Dark Age? • 1200 B.C. – earthquakes and fighting among the kingdoms destroyed hilltop forts • 1100 B.C. – Mycenaean civilization collapsed. • 1100 – 750 B.C. were difficult for Greeks • Trade slowed and poverty took hold

  11. What was the Dark Age?(Continued) • Stopped teaching how to write and craftwork • Positive – population shift • Dorians • Peloponnesus • Increase in trade brought new way of writing • Greek alphabet

  12. English words that came from Greek:geometry, physics, astronomy, star, galaxy, atom, music, melody, chorus, drama, comedy, poet, character, history, metropolis, athlete, and stadium

  13. A Move to Colonize • Couldn’t grow enough food to feed everyone • Colonies traded grains, metals, fish, timber, and enslaved people with the mainland in exchange for pottery, wine, and olive oil • 600 B.C. – mint coins • No more barter

  14. The Polis • City-states known as polis • Hill • Acropolis • Agora • Varied in size and population • Athens – nearly 300,000 people (500 B.C.)

  15. The Polis • Politics • Political • Police • Policy • Each polis had its own gov’t and laws.

  16. Ancient Agora with Acropolis on top.

  17. Athenian Agora at the foot of the Acropolis

  18. Athens

  19. What was Greek Citizenship? • They ran the city-state. • 1st to develop this idea. • Only free native-born men who owned land • Women and children might qualify but were limited in their rights. • Rights: vote, hold office, own property, and defend themselves in court

  20. Citizenship • If you were born outside of Greece, then you were not considered a citizen. • 2 great city-states: Sparta (strongest army) and Athens (strongest navy)

  21. Citizens as Soldiers • Hoplites • Took pride in their fighting for their city-state • Foot and armed: • Round shield (help to create a protective wall) • Short sword • 9 foot spear • Rows

  22. Review • What made the Minoans wealthy? • How was a Greek city-state different form a city? • What changes occurred in Greece during the Dark Age? • Name 3 rights granted to Greek citizens that Americans have today. • Why did the use of money help trade grow?

  23. Minoans Mycenaeans

  24. Minoans Mycenaeans • Lived on Greek • mainland • First Greek • kings • Built fortified • palaces on • hills • Borrowed ideas • from Minoans • Lived on • Crete • Built first • civilization • in Greece • Worked in • bronze Earned wealth from trade

  25. Sparta and Athens

  26. Tyranny in the City-States • Nobles seized power from kings • Tyrants – take power by force and rules with total authority • Building new marketplaces, temples, and walls • Oligarchy – Sparta • Democracy - Athens

  27. Sparta

  28. Sparta • Founded by Dorians • Instead of setting colonies, they conquered and enslaved their neighbors. • Helots • Motto: be military strong

  29. Why was the Military So Important? • Fear of being taken over led to firm control and training for war • Unhealthy boys - hill • 7 years old live in barracks • 20 years – enter regular army • 30 years – returned home • Girls were trained in sports. • Women were freer

  30. Boys • Trained to steal to survive • If caught, punished severely • Slept outside w/o cover • Barefoot • Spoke only when spoken to • Examined every 10 days to ensure not getting fat

  31. Sparta’s Government • Oligarchy • 2 kings headed a council of elders • All men over 30 • Ephors • Discouraged foreign visitors

  32. Athens

  33. Life in Athens • School • Citizen at 18 • Girls

  34. Building Democracy • Early Athens – landowning nobles – oligarchy • Solon • Peisistratus • Cleisthenes

  35. Cleisthenes • All male citizens • New powers • Council of 500 • Proposed laws • Dealt with foreign countries • Oversaw treasury • Members were chosen by lottery every year. • Non-citizens were excluded. • Credited with making Athens a democracy

  36. Riddle • Men in Athens liked to go to fancy dinner parties where they told riddles. • “When you look at me, I look at you. When you speak, I open my mouth and move my lips, but you cannot hear me and I cannot see you. What am I?” • A Mirror

  37. Review • Who were the helots? • Why did tyrants fall out favor with the Greeks? • Why did Athenians choose officials by lottery? Would there be drawbacks to this method? • How did the Greek nobles gain power?

  38. Review • Why was Solon popular among farmers and unpopular among others? • How did Athenian democracy keep one person from gaining too much power?

  39. Sparta Athens • Strongest army • Located in Peloponnesus • Boys – military at 7yrs • Women mixed freely • Men – in army till 60 yrs • Only aristocrats were citizens • Couldn’t own land till retired from army • Come home holding shield or on it • Strongest navy • More democratic • Council of 500 • 1st Democratic constitution • 1st ruled by kings then nobles • Males – 18 yr to be citizen • Women not allowed to mix freely with men • Bigger population

  40. Persia Attacks the Greeks

  41. The Persian Wars Both Sparta and Athens played roles in defeating the Persians.

  42. The Battle of Marathon • 490 B.C. – Persians landed on Marathon • 20,000 soldiers – 10,000 Athenian soldiers • Athenian victory

  43. Statute of Pheidippiedes along Marathon Road

  44. Another Persian Strike • Darius’ son, Xerxes • 480 B.C. – revenge • Greece unites

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