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Explain. The difference between fermentation and cellular respiration The role of glycolysis in oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate . The process that brings pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduces it into the citric acid cycle .
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Explain • The difference between fermentation and cellularrespiration • The role of glycolysis in oxidizingglucose to two molecules of pyruvate. • The process that brings pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduces it into the citric acid cycle. • How the process of cheiosmosis utilizes the electrons from NADH and FADH2to produce ATP.
1. Organisms that can manufacture their own chemical energy sources are called _____________. • 2. ________ depend on energy stored in chemical bonds by autotrophs for their food energy. • 3. Simple molecules are further broken down in cells in a process called _________, during which energy stored in their chemical bonds is used to power the production of ATP. • 4. Glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water in organisms which breathe air in a process called as ___________ respiration. autotrophs heterotrophs catabolism oxidative
5. In glycolysis, a major portion of the energy remains in the final product, which is called ___________. • 6. For further derivation of energy, aerobic cells must convert pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A by stripping off a ______ molecule. This process is known as decarboxylation • 7. All of the reactions of glucose oxidation that follow glycolysis involving the transfer of electrons to their final acceptor, oxygen, take place in eukaryotic cells in the ___________. pyruvate CO2 mitochondria
8. Because the chemical formation of ATP is driven by a diffusion force similar to osmosis, this process is referred to as ___________. 9. The first stage of cellular respiration,______________, occurs with or without oxygen present. 10. When oxygen is limiting, during heavy exercise, muscle cells revert to ________________ fermentation for energy production. chemiosmosis glycolosis aerobic
Anaerobic respiration includes what two processes (not products).
The third C of pyruvic acid is lost as _____ as it prepares for the Citric Acid cycle.
Name of the coenzyme that unites our 2-C remains of pyruvic acid with oxaloacetate to being the Krebs cycle.
The coupling of movement of electrons down the ETC with the formation of ATP using the driving force provided by a proton (H+ ion) gradient.
Oxygen from photosynthesis is a byproduct of the breakdown of ____.
The carbon source for photosynthesis to create sugar is ______
The breakdown of water is done in order to replace ______ of the reaction center
Carbon fixation is the process by which the enzyme rubisco binds the carbon of CO2 to a 5-carbon sugar called ____.