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This learning module focuses on investigating the relationship between seasons and the amount of solar energy transferred to Earth. Students will analyze day-length data, model daily and seasonal variations using a globe and light bulb, and understand how Earth's tilt, revolution, and rotation produce seasons. They will also explore beam spreading and its impact on the intensity of solar radiation. The module includes a Quick Write activity, a video, and graph analysis.
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LEARNING GOALS • Investigation 3- Seasons and Sun • Enduring Understanding: • Seasons are related to the amount of solar energy transferred to Earth, and that amount of energy transferred is affected by latitude, tilt of Earth’s axis, revolution, and rotation. • Learning Goals: • I will graph monthly day-length data for a single location to look for a pattern. • I will use a globe and light bulb to model daily and seasonal variations in day length. • I will explain how the tilt of Earth’s axis and Earth’s revolution around the sun produces seasons. • I will discuss seasonal variation in day length as a consequence of axis tilt, rotation, and revolution. • I will use light sources and surfaces to model beam spreading. • I will explain how beam spreading reduces the intensity of solar radiation.
MOVIE:Reasons for the Seasons Video in the file under Seasons
SUNSHINE • I’ve heard it said that December 21 is the shortest day of the year. • Why would someone say that? • Do we have fewer than 24 hours on December 21? • We get fewer hours of sunlight in winter, more hours of sunlight in summer, but the sum of light and dark hours always equals 24.
SUNSHINE • If it is true that there is a shortest day, is there also a longest day of the year? • June 21
SUNSHINE • How many hours of sunlight will we have today? • Sunrise= 5:49am • Sunset= 7:05pm • Calculate the hours and minutes. • Hint: Calculate the hours and minutes between sunrise and noon, then between noon and sunset, then add them together.
SUNSHINE • Example: • Sunrise=6:24am • Sunset=6:44pm • 6:24-11:24= 5 hours • 11:24-12:00= 36 minutes • So 5 hours, 36 minutes • 12:00-6:00= 6 hours • 6:00-6:44= 44 minutes • So 6 hours, 44 minutes • Total= 12 hours, 20 minutes
GRAPH QUESTIONS • What does the graph reveal about the amount of daylight over a year in Berkley? • Days get longer from January to June, shorter from June to December • When do people in Berkley have their longest day? Shortest? • Longest= June, Shortest= December • When do people in Berkley have about 12 hours of daylight? • March and September
GRAPH QUESTIONS • How many hours of daylight do people in Berkley have on their longest day? On their shortest day? • Longest= 14+, Shortest= 9+ • In what season do people in Berkley have their longest day? Their shortest day? • Longest= Summer, Shortest= Winter
GLOBAL DAYLIGHT • When one location on Earth has 14 hours of daylight, is all the rest of the world having 14 hours of daylight as well? • Is the longest day of the year the same length all over the world? • Is the longest day of the year the same day all over the world? • Are the longest days always in the summer? Are the shortest days always in the winter?