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Classification of Microorganisms

10. Classification of Microorganisms. Taxonomy. Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms Provides universal names for organisms Provides a reference for identifying organisms. Taxonomy. Systematics or phylogeny : The study of the evolutionary history of organisms.

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Classification of Microorganisms

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  1. 10 Classification of Microorganisms

  2. Taxonomy • Taxonomy • The science of classifying organisms • Provides universal names for organisms • Provides a reference for identifying organisms

  3. Taxonomy • Systematics or phylogeny: The study of the evolutionary history of organisms. • All Species Inventory (2001-2025) • To identify all species of life on Earth • Possibly as many as 10 to 100 million with fewer than 10% discovered (1.7 million)

  4. Taxonomy • 1735 Plant and AnimalKingdoms • 1857 Bacteria and fungi put in the Plant Kingdom • 1866 Kingdom Protista proposed for bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi • 1937 Prokaryote introduced for cells "without a nucleus" • 1959 Kingdom Fungi • 1961 Prokaryote defined as cells in which nucleoplasm is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane • 1968 Kingdom Monera proposed • 1978 Two types of prokaryotic cells found

  5. The Three-Domain System Table 10.1

  6. The Three-Domain System Figure 10.1

  7. Table 10.2

  8. Endosymbiotic Theory Cyanophora paradoxa Figures 10.2, 10.3

  9. Scientific Names

  10. Table 10.3

  11. Taxonomic Hierarchy Figure 10.5

  12. Species Definition • Eukaryotic species: A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves • Prokaryotic species: A population of cells with similar characteristics • Clone: Population of cells derived from a single cell • Strain: Genetically different cells within a clone • Viral species: Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche

  13. Domain Eukarya • Animalia: Multicellular; no cell walls; chemoheterotrophic • Plantae: Multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually photoautotrophic • Fungi: Chemoheterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments • Protista: A catchall for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms

  14. Identification Methods • Morphological characteristics: Useful for identifying eukaryotes • Differential staining: Gram staining, acid-fast staining • Biochemical tests: Determines presence of bacterial enzymes Figure 10.8

  15. “Enterotube II” Figure 10.9 - Overview (1 of 3)

  16. Enterotube II

  17. Figure 10.7

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