Interim Provision of Tsunami Watch Information for the Indian Ocean Countries

1. Interim Provision of Tsunami Watch Information for the Indian Ocean Countries Pacific Tsunami Warning Center Japan Meteorological Agency

2. Motivation for Interim Provision of Tsunami Watch Information 26 Dec 2004 SUMATRA-ANDAMAN ISLANDS EARTHQUAKE No Tsunami Warning if a big tsunami were generated again Need an Emergency Measure Interim Provision of Tsunami Watch Information

3. Tsunami Watch Information should be Regarded as a Reference for Taking Preventive Measure against Possible Tsunamis on the Responsibility and Initiative of the Individual Countries Indian Ocean region (Currently available) Japan Meteorological Agency Seismic waveform data Country residents Seismic waveform data Collection via Internet Dissemination of Tsunami Watch Information Country residents (Enhancement of communication facility of existing tide gauges) Country Sea level data residents Sea level data Pacific Tsunami Warning Center Through the Global Telecommunication System of WMO, E-mail and/or Facsimile Collection via Internet or Meteorological Satellites Enhancement of existing function National arrangements Estimation of tsunami travel time • on the responsibility and initiative • of the individual countries!

4. P-WAVE TRAVEL TIMES FOR 12/26/04 EARTHQUAKE

5. Sea Level Stations in the Indian Ocean As of April 14 2006

7. Seismic criteria for PTWC/JMA IO Advisories

8. PTWC Preliminary Forecast Points

9. Sample Tsunami Information Bulletin TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 001 PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWS ISSUED AT 0117Z 11 APR 2005 THIS BULLETIN IS FOR ALL AREAS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN. ... TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN ... THIS MESSAGE IS FOR INFORMATION ONLY. AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THESE PRELIMINARY PARAMETERS ORIGIN TIME - 0100Z 11 APR 2005 COORDINATES - 1.3 NORTH 97.5 EAST LOCATION - NORTHERN SUMATERA INDONESIA MAGNITUDE - 6.7

10. Sample Tsunami Information Bulletin (cont’d) EVALUATION A DESTRUCTIVE WIDESPREAD TSUNAMI THREAT DOES NOT EXIST BASED ON HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI DATA. HOWEVER - THERE IS A VERY SMALL POSSIBILITY OF A LOCAL TSUNAMI THAT COULD AFFECT COASTS LOCATED USUALLY NO MORE THAN A HUNDRED KILOMETERS FROM THE EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER. AUTHORITIES IN THE REGION NEAR THE EPICENTER SHOULD BE MADE AWARE OF THIS POSSIBILITY. THIS WILL BE THE ONLY BULLETIN ISSUED BY THE PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER FOR THIS EVENT UNLESS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BECOMES AVAILABLE. THE JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY MAY ISSUE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR THIS EVENT.

11. Sample Local Tsunami Watch Supplement TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 002 PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWS ISSUED AT 0354Z 11 APR 2005 THIS BULLETIN IS FOR ALL AREAS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN. ... A LOCAL TSUNAMI WATCH IS IN EFFECT ... A TSUNAMI WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR INDONESIA FOR OTHER AREAS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION, THIS MESSAGE IS AN ADVISORY ONLY. AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THESE PRELIMINARY PARAMETERS ORIGIN TIME - 0100Z 11 APR 2005 COORDINATES - 1.3 NORTH 97.5 EAST LOCATION - NORTHERN SUMATERA INDONESIA MAGNITUDE - 7.2

12. Sample Local Tsunami Watch Supplement (con’d) MEASUREMENTS OR REPORTS OF TSUNAMI WAVE ACTIVITY GAUGE LOCATION LAT LON TIME AMPL PER ------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- MALE 4.2N 73.5E 0448Z 0.19M 14MIN COLOMBO 6.9N 79.8E 0345Z 0.15M 22MIN TIME - TIME OF THE MEASUREMENT AMPL - AMPLITUDE IN METERS FROM MIDDLE TO CREST OR MIDDLE TO TROUGH OR HALF OF THE CREST TO TROUGH PER - PERIOD OF TIME FROM ONE WAVE CREST TO THE NEXT EVALUATION SEA LEVEL READINGS INDICATE A TSUNAMI WAS GENERATED. IT MAY HAVE BEEN DESTRUCTIVE ALONG COASTS NEAR THE EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER. FOR THOSE AREAS - WHEN DAMAGING WAVES HAVE NOT OCCURRED FOR AT LEAST TWO HOURS THEN LOCAL AUTHORITIES CAN ASSUME THE THREAT IS PASSED. DANGER TO BOATS AND COASTAL STRUCTURES CAN CONTINUE FOR SEVERAL HOURS DUE TO RAPID CURRENTS. AS LOCAL CONDITIONS CAN CAUSE A WIDE VARIATION IN TSUNAMI WAVE ACTION THE ALL CLEAR DETERMINATION MUST BE MADE BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES. NO TSUNAMI THREAT EXISTS FOR OTHER COASTAL AREAS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN ALTHOUGH SOME OTHER AREAS MAY EXPERIENCE SMALL SEA LEVEL CHANGES. DUE TO ONLY LIMITED SEA LEVEL DATA FROM THE REGION IT IS NOT POSSIBLE FOR THIS CENTER TO RAPIDLY NOR ACCURATELY EVALUATE THE THE STRENGTH OF A TSUNAMI IF ONE HAS BEEN GENERATED.

13. Sample Local Tsunami Watch Supplement (cont’d) ESTIMATED INITIAL TSUNAMI WAVE ARRIVAL TIMES. ACTUAL ARRIVAL TIMES MAY DIFFER AND THE INITIAL WAVE MAY NOT BE THE LARGEST. THE TIME BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE TSUNAMI WAVES CAN BE FIVE MINUTES TO ONE HOUR. LOCATION COORDINATES ARRIVAL TIME -------------------------------- ------------ ------------ INDONESIA SIMEULUE 2.5N 96.0E 0134Z 11 APR SIBERUT 1.5S 98.7E 0144Z 11 APR PADANG 0.9S 100.1E 0214Z 11 APR BANDA ACEH 5.5N 95.1E 0223Z 11 APR BENGKULU 3.9S 102.0E 0238Z 11 APR BANDAR LAMPUNG 6.0S 105.5E 0338Z 11 APR CILACAP 7.8S 108.9E 0351Z 11 APR BALI 9.0S 115.5E 0433Z 11 APR BELAWAN 3.8N 98.8E 0544Z 11 APR KUPANG 10.0S 123.4E 0549Z 11 APR THIS WILL BE THE FINAL BULLETIN ISSUED BY THE PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER FOR THIS EVENT UNLESS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BECOMES AVAILABLE. THE JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY MAY ISSUE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR THIS EVENT.

14. PTWC Preliminary Forecast Points

15. COMMUNICATIONS METHODS FOR THE INDIAN OCEAN • KEEP IT SIMPLER THAN IN THE PACIFIC • GTS AS THE BACKBONE SYSTEM • TELEFAX AND EMAIL AS ALTERNATE METHODS • CONFIRMATION OF RECEIPT? • PERSON-TO-PERSON TELEPHONE CONTACT SHOULD NOT BE REQUIRED, BUT MAY BE USED

16. WMO (GTS) PRODUCT IDENTIFIERS FOR PTWC PRODUCTS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

17. Contents of TWI (JMA) • Source Parameters • Origin time (UTC), Coordinates (latitude, longitude), Location name of the epicenter , Depth (if 100km or more), magnitude • Evaluation of Tsunamigenic Potential • Estimated Tsunami Travel Time • Observations of tsunami

18. Example of JMA Tsunami Watch Information TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER NUMBER 001 ISSUED BY THE JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (JMA) ISSUED AT 1602 24 JUL 2005 (UTC) ... A LOCAL TSUNAMI WATCH IS IN EFFECT ... 1.EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION ORIGIN TIME : 1542 24 JUL 2005 (UTC) COORDINATES : 8.7 NORTH 92.1 EAST LOCATION : NICOBAR ISLANDS, INDIA, REGION MAGNITUDE : 7.3 2.EVALUATION THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF A DESTRUCTIVE LOCAL TSUNAMI IN THE INDIAN OCEAN. 3.ESTIMATED TSUNAMI TRAVEL TIME ONE HOUR OR LESS INDIA: ALL COASTS OF ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS INDONESIA: INDIAN OCEAN COAST OF SUMATRA MALACCA COAST OF SUMATRA *TSUNAMI TRAVEL TIME IS ESTIMATED ONLY FROM EARTHQUAKE DATA AND INDICATES THE TIME LAPSE BETWEEN ORIGIN TIME AND TSUNAMI ARRIVAL TIME. *THIS WILL BE THE FINAL INFORMATION UNLESS THERE ARE CHANGES ABOUT THE POTENTIAL OF TSUNAMI GENERATION AND ESTIMATED TSUNAMI TRAVEL TIME BY RE-EVALUATION OF THE EARTHQUAKE OR THERE ARE REPORTS ON TSUNAMI OBSERVATIONS. Earthquake Information Potential of Tsunami Estimated Tsunami Travel Time

19. Tsunami Watch Information Recipient Countries Iran Pakistan Bangladesh UAE India Myanmar Oman Thailand Yemen Sri Lanka Malaysia Maldives Kenya Seychelles Singapore Chagos Archipelago (United Kingdom) Comoros Tanzania Indonesia East Timor Mayotte Island Mozambique Madagascar France Mauritius Australia Reunion Island South Africa Amsterdam Island St. Paul Island Crozet Island Kerguren Island

20. Provision of NWPTA/JMA Provision of TWI/JMA for Indian Ocean *: This earthquake occurred before official commencement of providing Tsunami Watch Information. Therefore, JMA transmitted tsunami information to eleven countries around the Indian Ocean by facsimile in about 25 minutes after the earthquake.

21. Thank you very much.