1 / 29

Unit 41

Unit 41. Musculoskeletal System. Objectives. Spell and define terms. Describe the location and functions of the musculoskeletal system. Describe some common conditions of the musculoskeletal system. Objectives.

martin-kane
Download Presentation

Unit 41

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 41 Musculoskeletal System

  2. Objectives • Spell and define terms. • Describe the location and functions of the musculoskeletal system. • Describe some common conditions of the musculoskeletal system.

  3. Objectives • Describe the nursing assistant actions related to the care of patients with conditions and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. • List seven specific diagnostic tests for musculoskeletal conditions.

  4. The Musculoskeletal System • Skeleton • Bony frame of the body • Muscles • Tissues made up of contractile fibers or cells that produce movement • Together, the skeleton and muscles are termed the musculoskeletal system

  5. Structure and Function • Review the parts of the human skeleton

  6. Structure and Function • Review the major muscles of the body

  7. Common Conditions • Many conditions can affect the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints • Often, when one of these structures is diseased or injured: • Surrounding tissues are also involved

  8. Range of Motion • Patients who have been ill or confined to bed are not as active as usual • Their joints may not move through the normal range of motion daily • Atrophy • Weakness and muscle wasting from lack of use

  9. Range of Motion • Over time • Muscles become rigid • Joints do not move as freely as they once did • Joint movement may be painful because the muscles have shortened from lack of use

  10. Range of Motion • When the joint moves • Muscles stretch • This causes discomfort or pain • As a result the patient may move even less

  11. Abduction – Moving away from midline • Adduction – Moving toward the midline • Flexion- Decreasing the angle between two bones • Extension – Increasing the angle between two bones

  12. Bursitis – Inflammation of the bursae (small sacs of fluid around joints) • Treatment – use heat to promote healing

  13. Arthritis • Rheumatoid – autoimmune response can occur with any age • Osteoarthritis – affects the cartilage covering the ends of the bones that form a joint . Most common symptom is Pain

  14. Gout – The great toe is usually first affected. Caused by uric acid not metabolized correctly. It may go into remission

  15. osteoporosis • Metabolic disorder of the bones • Most common in women • The first sign is a fracture • Treatment is to prevent fractures and control pain

  16. Fibromyalgia • Chronic pain syndrome. Not sure of cause • Affects more women than men • Criteria for dx: • Pain on both sides of the body, pain above and below the waist, and pain upon palpatation in at least 11 of 18 body sites

  17. Fractures • See pg 709

  18. Signs/Sx of fracture • Edema, Pain, Limited movement, ecchymosis – Bruising • Treatment – Keep immobile , in most cases will not exercise the fractured extremity

  19. Cast • Elevated the casted extremity on a pillow • Turn the patient frequently using the palms of your hands • Observe the uncasted area of the extremity for signs off decreased circulation. Report coldness, cyanosis, swelling, increased pain, numbnessor tingling

  20. Signs of infection under cast • Odor and drainage

  21. Traction • It is designed to pull two body areas slightly apart. Do Not disturb the weights • Check under straps for pressure areas • Keep bed covers off of ropes and pulleys

  22. Hip fractures • most common with elderly • The leg on the affected side may be shortened and in a position of external rotation • At risk of pressure ulcers on the heels therefore a pressure relieving mattress may be ordered

  23. THA total hp arthroplasty • (Insertion of a hip prosthesis) • Care: Anti embolism stockings • trapeze bar • Use an abduction pillow to keep legs apart • Avoid flexion of the hip and legs • Bed is not elevated more than 45 degrees (see pg 715)

  24. Total Joint Replacement • Goal is to relieve pain. • Most common is hip and knee

  25. CPM (Continuous Passive Motion) • CPM therapy prevents stiffness by delivering a form of passive ROM so the joint is moved without the patient’s muscles being used. CPM therapy is effortless for the patients

  26. Compartment syndrome • Painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds up, preventing blood and oxygen from reaching muscles and nerves, This is a serious complication that may develop following an injury or surgical procedure • Report to nurse immediately this is surgical emergency.

  27. Amputation • Phantom pain - this is a real pain • Avoid abduction • Avoid flexion of the knee • Avoid placing pillow under the amputated extremity • Avoid elevating HOB • Keep legs in adduction

  28. Range of Motion • Prevents contractures (disfigurement caused by muscle shortening) • Easier to prevent than reverse

  29. EMG – measure the effectiveness of muscle/nerve interaction

More Related