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Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF) RESEARCH TO FEED AFRICA SYMPOSIUM

FEEDING POTENTIAL OF INDIGENOUS FODDER TREES FOR SHEEP PRODUCTION IN MALI. Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF) RESEARCH TO FEED AFRICA SYMPOSIUM Naivasha , Kenya, June 23-27, 2014. OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION MAIN KEY ISSUES PART ONE

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Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF) RESEARCH TO FEED AFRICA SYMPOSIUM

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  1. FEEDING POTENTIAL OF INDIGENOUS FODDER TREES FOR SHEEP PRODUCTION IN MALI Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF) RESEARCH TO FEED AFRICA SYMPOSIUM Naivasha, Kenya, June 23-27, 2014

  2. OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION • MAIN KEY ISSUES • PART ONE • Survey: Identification of treespeciesused as sheepfeed • Sheeppreference of the selectedtreespecies • PART TWO • On-station sheepfattening trial • On-farmfattening test • General conclusion

  3. 1. MAIN KEY ISSUES • With the 3 functions (food, money, sociocultural),sheep husbandry plays an important role in Mali. • Besides, sheep husbandry is popular (women and children of lower income in general) but scarcity and high price of feed during the dry season make it less affordable by some smallholder farmers in particular of low income. • Therefore, the use of good quality fodder trees of lower cost and available during the dry season become a good alternative.

  4. 2. PART ONEOBJECTIVE OF THE FIRST PART • The objective of this part is to identify the indigenoustreespeciesthat have the best potential as components of sheepdietstrough 2 experiments: • A survey on the farmers’ perception on the browse/treespeciesas animal feed; • A palatability (preference) trial of the treespecies as feed for sheep.

  5. 2. 1. SURVEY Material and methods: The surveywasdonethroughgeneralassembliesand individual interviews General assembly Individual interview

  6. SURVEY (con’d) RESULTS Validation of the choices of tree species CONCLUSION 5 selectedspecies out of 15. Pterocarpuserinaceus Ficus gnaphalocarpaPterocarpuslucens Khayasegalensis Terminaliamacroptera

  7. 2. 2. PALATABILITY TRIAL Freshleaves of the 5 treespecieswerefed to 20 Diallonke rams, individuallypenned in a cafeteria trial with the participation of the sheepraisers Sites of test: 4 villages

  8. PALATABILITY TRIAL (con’d) Material used during the cafeteria trial P. erinaceus F. Gnaphalocarpa Design of the cafeteria test P. lucens K. senegalensis T. macroptera Methods: rams fed the same quantity (500 g) of fresh leaves of each 5 tree species; Palatability indices were determined and data were analyzed using SAS (SAS Enterprise Guide 4.3).

  9. Results Chemical composition, energy content (kcal/kg DM), dry matter intake (g/animal/d) and palatability index (PI) of 5 tree species Conclusion Based on table above, (DMI and palatability indices) the preferred tree species are F. gnaphalocarpa, P. erinaceusandP. lucens.

  10. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES • Leaves of 15 indigenoustrees are known as feed, fromwhich, 5 have the greatestpotentialfrom the producers’ perception. • Three out of the 5 speciesF. gnaphalocarpa, P. erinaceus and P. lucensweresorted out by the sheep as the preferredfeeds. • Therefore, based on the results, the use of the 3 treesspecieswillbetested as components of fattening rations and as feedsupplements for sheepduring the dry season.

  11. 3. PART TWOOBJECTIVE AND ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED • The objective this study is to increase food security through technologies and innovations for sustainable sheep production in Mali. • Twoexperimentswereconducted: • An on station sheepfattening • An on-farmsheepfatteningwithwomen group

  12. 3. 1. Determination of the appropriate sheep fattening rations (on station) Each group of sheepwasfed one of the 7 rations obtainedfromsubstutingpartially (50%) or totally (100%) the peanuthaulmfrom a standard ration including 50 cottonseedmeal and 50% peanuthaulm. Animals: 49 djallonké rams werevaccinated, wormed and dividedinto 7 groups of similarweight

  13. ON-STATION FEEDING TRIAL (con’d)Material and methods • Rations: 7 rations were formulated as follow: • R1 : control ; 50% of cottonseed meal (CSM) and 50% of peanut haulm (PH) ; • R2 : 50% CSM + 25% PH + 25% P. lucens; • R3 : 50% CSM + 50% P. lucens ; • R4 : 50% CSM + 25% PH + 25% F. gnaphalocarpa ; • R5: 50% CSM + 50% F. gnaphalocarpa ; • R6 : 50% CSM + 25% PH + 25% P. erinaceus ; • R7 : 50% CSM + 50% P. erinaceus.

  14. ON-STATION FEEDING TRIAL (con’d) Material and methods Methods • Intake and weight gain were recorded; • Feed chemical, economic, analyses and statistical analyses were performed. Leaves processing Djallonké ram Forage weighing

  15. ON-STATION FEEDING TRIAL (con’d) Chemical composition of feedsused in the rations

  16. ON-STATION FEEDING TRIAL (con’d) Results and discussion Performance of the rams on feedlot

  17. ON-STATION FEEDING TRIAL (con’d) Economic analyses

  18. ON-STATION FEEDING TRIAL (con’d) Conclusion The rations containing 50% of either 3 species of treefoddersperformed as well as the control ration thatcontains 50% of peanuthaulmboth on weight gains and economic performances.

  19. 3. 2. SHEEP FATTENING TEST IN THE RURAL COMMUNE OF ZAN COULIBALY Two rations were tested using 60 rams in 4 villages with the participation of women. Feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass yield and economic efficiency were determined.

  20. ON-FARM FATTENING TRIAL • Results and discussion Performances of the fattened rams

  21. ON-FARM FATTENING TRIAL Analysis of the economic efficiency of the rations

  22. Conclusion • Averagedaily gain washigher for the ration including for the ration includingF. gnaphalocarpa(134 g) than for the ration withP. erinaceus (100 g). • Carcassweightwashigher for the fattened rams. • For the economic performance net benefit of the 2 rations weresimilar(33 344 CFA versus 33 374 CFA) for Perinaceus vs F. gnaphalocarpa.

  23. 3. GENERAL CONCLUSION • Women in the rural commune of Zan Coulibaly know which tree to choose and how to use them as animal feed; • When given a ration in which tree fodder replaced peanut haulm sheep gained as much weight or more over the same period. • The cost of gathering the leaves is at least 14 times lower than the price of the peanut haulm in the dry season.

  24. AKNOWLEDGMENT This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada, www.idrc.ca, and with financial support from the Government of Canada, provided through Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada (DFATD), www.international.gc.ca

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