FINAL EXAM ECOLOGY REVIEW

1. FINAL EXAM ECOLOGY REVIEW 2010

2. Tree Rock Water Air Bird human B A A A (nonliving) B B (living) A=abiota B=biota

3. Large area with similar climate, soil, and plants and animals The Planet of living and nonliving things All the organisms in a particular place + their nonliving environment ECOSYSTEM BIOSPHEREBIOME Matching:

4. Large area with similar climate, soil, and plants and animals The Planet of living and nonliving things All the organisms in a particular place + their nonliving environment BIOME BIOSPHERE ECOSYSTEM Matching:

5. What is the difference between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis? (answer below) • PHOTOSYNTHESIS- • organisms capture sunlight to make food • CHEMOSYNTHESIS- • organisms use chemical energy (like sulfur) to make food

6. How do these relate? • Autotrophs Heterotrophs Consumers Producers • ANSWER: Autotrophs and Producers are plants that make food • Heterotrophs are consumers that eat the producers

7. Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore Decomposer Detritivore Eat animals Eat plants Eat animals + plants Break down and eat dead organic matter Feed on plant and animal remains called detritus What would each of these eat?

8. How much energy is… • Usually passed to the next energy level in an energy pyramid? • A. 5% • B. 10% • C. 35% • D. 90% • ANSWER: 10%

9. What contributes CO2 to the atmosphere? • Detergents • Auto exhausts • Fertilizers • Factories • Ozone • ANSWER: auto exhausts + factories

10. Which is a food chain and which is a food web? WHAT AM I?

11. Which is a food chain and which is a food web? WHAT AM I?

12. Producers? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Consumers?

13. What converts unusable nitrogen into usable nitrogen? • A. worms • B. fungi • C. nitrogen-fixing bacteria • D. nitrogen-fixing birds • ANSWER: C

14. Where is most of the phosphorus kept in the biosphere? • A. rocks • B. atmosphere • C. bird poop • D. Larry’s house • ANSWER: A

15. What causes an algal bloom? • A. large amounts of phosphorus runoff • B. large amounts of carbon runoff • C. large amounts of nitrogen runoff • D. small amounts of mineral runoff • ANSWER: A

16. What chemical form is carbon usually found in rocks? In the atmosphere? • A. CO2 • B. carbonate • C. CO • D. nitrates • ANSWER: in rocks is carbonate • in atmosphere is CO2

17. Bird’s hole in a tree Seed eater Seed disperser Bird’s nest Hudson Spring’s Park Food for a hawk Habitat (address) Niche (job) Niche Habitat Habitat Niche Which is a habitat and which is a niche?

18. What are the three most abundant greenhouse gases? • A. water vapor • B. nitrogen oxide • C. carbon dioxide • D. methane • E. phosphates • ANSWERL A, C, D

19. What criteria determine a terrestrial biome? • Type of fish • Climate • Type of soil • Plants and animals • Type of people • ANSWER: climate, soil, plants and animals

20. What is a wetland? • A. lake • B. stream • C. marsh • D. ocean • ANSWER: marsh (water covers the land part of the time)

21. WHICH BIOME? • Less than 25 cm of rainfall • Cacti • Bobcats, mule deer, beetles, rattlesnakes • Mexico, US, Africa, Asia • ANSWER: DESERT

22. WHICH BIOME? • Hot and wet year round • Ferns, large woody vines and climbing plants, orchids • Sloths, tapirs, jaguars, monkeys, toucans, butterflies • S. and central Am., SE Asia • ANSWER: Tropical rainforest

23. WHICH BIOME? • Humus soil • Cold to moderate winters, warm summers, fertile soils • Deciduous trees, some conifers • Deer, black bears, squirrels, raccoons, turkeys, songbirds • ANSWER: Temperate Deciduous Forest

24. WHICH BIOME? • Permafrost • Mosses, lichens, short grasses • Musk ox, Arctic foxes, caribou • Northern NA, N. Asia, N. Europe • ANSWER: TUNDRA

25. In a food chain, what organisms are usually the decomposers? • A. birds • B. snakes • C. plants • D. bacteria and fungi • ANSWER: D

26. Saprophyte? Scavenger? • What kind of organism moves to and eats the dead organism? • ANSWER: scavenger (vulture) • From decaying organic matter? • ANSWER: saprophyte (fungus)

27. Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism Both organisms benefit One organism benefits and the other is not harmed Organism lives in or on another and harms it MATCH

28. Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism Organism lives in or on another and harms it One organism benefits and the other is not harmed Both organisms benefit MATCH

29. In a food pyramid… • Which organisms are in the greatest amount and why? • ANSWER: plants (producers), need to feed all the other organisms

30. Identify • Primary species? • Climax species? • Primary or Secondary succession? • ANSWER: • Lichen,mosses • Fir, birch • Primary (no soil)

31. What goes in each level of energy pyramid?

32. What goes in each level of energy pyramid? Tertiary consumer Secondary consumer Primary consumer Producer

33. The total amount of living tissue in a given tropic level would be: • A. biomass • B. biome • C. biotic • D. biology • ANSWER: biomass

34. What is permafrost? • A. ice in the tundra • B. snow in the taiga • C. permanently frozen subsoil of the tundra • D. permanently frozen subsoil of the taiga • ANSWER: C

35. Lynx chases the hare Two robins vie for same sunflower seeds Lion and tiger both eat antelope Pred/Prey Competition Competition and Pred/Prey Identify as Predator/Prey or Competition

36. Coniferous or Deciduous? • Pine Tree • Coniferous • Oak Tree • Deciduous • Cherry Tree • Deciduous • Blue Spruce • Coniferous Coniferous = needles, evergreen Deciduous = sheds leaves annually

37. What type of graph?

38. BOOM OR BUST

39. Boom or bust? Exponential growth?Logistic growth? • Exponential growth • Logistic growth Type of graph?

40. Clumped? Random? Uniform?

41. Clumped? Random? Uniform?

42. What do you call… • Carrying capacity • Logistic growth • Limiting factor • Biological magnification ANSWER: Biological magnification (vol. of chemical increases as you go up the food chain)