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Stress and burnout. Stress is a physiological response to an inappropriate level of pressure. Causes (in doctors). Escalating workload Frequently imposed change patients expectations fear of litigation Conflict ?lack of career structure. Definition of Burnout.
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Stress is a physiological response to an inappropriate level of pressure
Causes (in doctors) • Escalating workload • Frequently imposed change • patients expectations • fear of litigation • Conflict • ?lack of career structure
Definition of Burnout • Burnout is a state of mental and/or physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. • [Girdino, DA, Everly, GS, and Dusek, DE, Controlling Stress and Tension, Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA, 1996]
Possible features of burnout include: • guilt at taking time off work • minimising contact with patients • excessive discussions about past mistakes • excessive discussion about future workload • becoming cross with a colleague or employee at least once per day • drinking alcohol before working • inability to concentrate on the matter in hand • emotional exhaustion
Predisposing factors to Burnout/ stress reaction • Type A or obsessional personality • Conscientiousness • Reluctance to decline work • Reluctance to delegate • Single handed or dysfunctional partnership • long hours • lack of variety
Signs to watch for (1) • Temper outbursts • Over drinking or smoking • Changes in eating habits • Withdrawing from usual activities • Becoming unreasonable • Rushing around • Forgetfulness
Signs to watch for (2) • poor timekeeping and decision making • sick leave • increased frequency of mistakes • strained relationships
BMA Counselling Service • 150 calls per month to the counselling service • "Emotional" problems are by far the biggest category • 35% of emotional problems are depression • This is 3 times the rate of all physical problems combined • Doctors have a lifetime risk of 1in 15 for alcohol and/or substance misuse
Suicide • Male doctors have a suicide rate lower than the general male population (SMR=66.8) • Female doctors have a much higher suicide rate than the general female population (SMR = 201) • 4 times as many male suicides as females overall and absolute numbers are low • Community health, Public health, Anaesthetics, General Practice have the highest rates. GP the highest absolute numbers Suicide in doctors: a study of risk according to gender, seniority and specialty in medical practitioners in England and Wales, 1979-1995 K Hawton et al J Epidemiol Community Health 2001;55:296-300 ( May