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Class #13: Friday, July 23 Air Pollution

Class #13: Friday, July 23 Air Pollution. Chapter 18. Air Pollution. Chapter 18. A Brief History of Air Pollution. Air pollution not a new problem. Smoke problems: Caves 1273 King Edward I 1661 London 1873 700 killed in London 1911 smog killed 1150 Londoners.

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Class #13: Friday, July 23 Air Pollution

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  1. Class #13: Friday, July 23Air Pollution Chapter 18 Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  2. Air Pollution Chapter 18 Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  3. A Brief History of Air Pollution • Air pollution not a new problem. • Smoke problems: • Caves • 1273 King Edward I • 1661 London • 1873 700 killed in London • 1911 smog killed 1150 Londoners Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  4. Types and Sources of Air Pollutants • Primary and secondary • Fixed and mobile sources • Principal Pollutants • Particulates: PM-10, PM-2.5 • Aerosols • Carbon Monoxide • Sulfur Dioxide (sulfuric acid) • VOCs (hydrocarbons) • Nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide (nitric acid) Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  5. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 18-CO, p. 500

  6. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  7. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Table 18-1, p. 503

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  13. Types and Sources of Air Pollutants • Ozone in the Troposphere • Photochemical smog or oxidants • Ground level ozone • Sunlight dissociates which eventually causes oxygen to combine and form ozone • Bad ozone • Ozone in the Stratosphere • Stratospheric ozone absorbs UV radiation; one reason for increase in temperature in sphere • Good ozone Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  14. Types and Sources of Air Pollutants • Ozone in the Stratosphere • Production-Destruction: ozone forms naturally though combination of atomic oxygen with molecular oxygen, absorbs UV radiation and breaks down; creates balance • Upsetting the Balance: anthropogenic chemicals nitrogen oxide and chlorofluorocarbons destroy ozone, disrupt balance and create ozone hole Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  15. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 18-6, p. 507

  16. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 18-7, p. 508

  17. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 18-8, p. 509

  18. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  19. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 1, p. 511

  20. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 2, p. 511

  21. Types and Sources of Air Pollutants • Air Pollution: Trends and Patterns • Clean Air Act 1970 has decreased air pollution in the US, greatest reduction in lead (Unleaded gasoline) • Increase in number of autos negates impact of Act is some areas • Air quality index • Primary and Secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  22. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  23. Stepped Art Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 18-10, p. 512

  24. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Table 18-2, p. 513

  25. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Table 18-3, p. 513

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  27. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  28. Types and Sources of Air Pollutants • Environmental Issue: The Ozone Hole • The lowest concentration or ozone hole covers most of Antarctica, but varies in coverage and intensity from year to year. • Environmental Issue: Indoor Air Pollution • Indoor pollution can cause a variety of health problems. Long-term exposure to some pollutants (radon, asbestos) can cause life-threatening diseases. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  29. Factors that Affect Air Pollution • The Role of Wind • Dilution of pollution dependent upon wind speed • The Role of Stability and Inversions • Vertical mixing • Radiation inversion • Mixing layer • Mixing depth Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

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  31. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 3, p. 516

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  36. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 4, p. 518

  37. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 4a, p. 518

  38. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 4b, p. 518

  39. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 4c, p. 518

  40. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 4d, p. 518

  41. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 4e, p. 518

  42. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  43. Factors that Affect Air Pollution • Observation: Smoke stacks • Instability and wind impact pollution from smoke stacks • Fanning • Fumigation • Looping • Coning • Lofting Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  44. Factors that Affect Air Pollution • The Role of Topography • Mountains, valleys, and coasts and the orientation to prevailing winds can exacerbate air pollution. • Denver, Los Angeles Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  45. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 18-17, p. 519

  46. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  47. Stepped Art Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 18-18, p. 520

  48. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010

  49. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Fig. 5, p. 521

  50. Class #13 Friday, July 23, 2010 Table 18-4, p. 522

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