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The Effect Highways Have on Invertebrates: Does Distance Matter?

The Effect Highways Have on Invertebrates: Does Distance Matter?. By: Rachel French. QUESTION. What effect did distance from a highway have on roadside soil communities?. BACKGROUND INFORMATION. Forms of highway pollution Noise Car exhaust De-icing programs

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The Effect Highways Have on Invertebrates: Does Distance Matter?

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  1. The Effect Highways Have on Invertebrates: Does Distance Matter? By: Rachel French

  2. QUESTION • What effect did distance from a highway have on roadside soil communities?

  3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION • Forms of highway pollution • Noise • Car exhaust • De-icing programs • Effects of highway pollution on children • Most invertebrates are found in the top five centimeters of soil

  4. HYPOTHESIS • Species density and diversity would increase with increasing distance from a highway.

  5. PROCEDURE • Created funnels • Collected and massed soil samples • Put soil samples in funnels • Returned fallen particles to funnels • Filled jars with alcohol and wrapped with foil • Centered lights over funnels • Observed samples over the next five days • Removed collection jars and analyzed

  6. APPARATUS http://medlibrary.org/medwiki/Tullgren_funnel

  7. VARIABLES • Independent variable: distance from highway • Dependent variable: number of invertebrates found • Control: none (comparative among distances) • Constants: amount of alcohol, type of alcohol, type of jars, amount of each soil sample collected, where the soil samples are taken from, the type of bottles, the amount of light the bottles get, the amount of time the soil samples have to dry out

  8. NUMBER OF INVERTEBRATES FOUND

  9. NUMBER OF INVERTEBRATES FOUND

  10. NUMBER OF INVERTEBRATES FOUND

  11. AVERAGENUMBER OF INVERTEBRATES FOUND

  12. Simpson’s Diversity Index and Equitability

  13. CONCLUSION • Hypothesis supported • Sources of error • Weather • Pedestrian/animal traffic • Human disturbances during experimentation • Further research • Various roadways • Research organisms

  14. Thanks • Thank you for listening to my presentation • Questions • Sources are to follow

  15. REFERENCES • Abbott, L. (2010). Soil Animals . Retrieved October 5, 2010, from The University of Western Australia website: http://www.soilhealth.com/‌animals/ • Barringer, C. (n.d.). Chester County Toastmasters. Retrieved January 27, 2011, from http://www.cctoastmasters.org/‌directions.html • Brugge, D., Durant, J. L., & Christine Rioux. (2007, August 9). Near-highway pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust: A review of epidemiologic evidence of cardiac and pulmonary health risks. Environmental Health. • A Community Underfoot. (2000). In Encouraging Student Biological Research (pp. 115-130). Jefferson City, MO: National Association of Biology. • Fraser, P. M., Dr. (2003). What Is Soil? Retrieved October 6, 2010, from New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research website: http://www.compostingvermont.org/‌articles/‌what_is_soil.htm • Getz, L. L., Verner, L., & Prather, M. (1977, June). Lead concentrations in small mammals living near highways . Science Direct, 13(2), 151-157. Abstract retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/‌science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B75CG-48XVFT1-5D&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1977&_alid=1485666847&_rdoc=2&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=13010&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=2&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=f021721779bd9ef6036611931194392a&searchtype=a • Han, D., Liang, W., Zhang, X., Vikram, T. V., Li, Q., & Wen, D. (n.d.). Effects of heavy metal pollution of highway origin on soil nematode guilds in North Shenyang, China. Retrieved October 1, 2010, from Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process website: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/‌pubmed?term=%22Tomar%20Vijay%20Vikram%20S%22%5BAuthor%5D • Living near a highway affects lung development in children, study shows. (2007, January 26). Retrieved October 1, 2010, from University of Southern California website: http://www.sciencedaily.com/‌releases/‌2007/‌01/‌070125185843.htm • Martinez, A. (2009, November 18). Highway pollution and its devastating impacts on local communities. Retrieved October 1, 2010, from http://stopgateway.wordpress.com/‌2009/‌11/ • Noss, R. (1995, June 29). Pollution. In The ecological effects of roads. Retrieved October 1, 2010, from Wildlands CPR website: http://www.wildlandscpr.org/‌ecological-effects-roads • Parker, S. (2006). Microlife That Lives in Soil (K. Orchard, Ed.). Chicago, IL: Raintree. • Research & Evaluation Core. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2011, from AIDS Project Los Angeles website: http://www.apla.org/‌research/‌REC/‌glossary.htm • Sakowski, M. (2007). Math Motivation. Retrieved January 24, 2011, from http://www.mathmotivation.com/‌symbolic/‌standard-deviation.html • Schaller, J., Brackhage, C., & Dudel, E. G. (2010, September 28). Invertebrates Minimize Accumulation of Metals and Metalloids in Contaminated Environments . SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/‌s11270-010-0637-0Online First™ • Stille, C. R. (2009). A Warming Planet. In J. VanVoorst (Ed.), Nature Interrupted: The Science of Environmental Chain Reactions (pp. 36-37). Mankato, MN: Compass Point Books. • Tullgren Funnel. (2010, December 10). Retrieved February 6, 2011, from Medication Information Library website: http://medlibrary.org/‌medwiki/‌Tullgren_funnel • US 202 Expressway-Pennsylvania. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2011, from Eastern Roads website: http://www.phillyroads.com/‌roads/‌US-202_PA/ • Working with Isopropyl Alcohol . (2008, December 17). Lab Manager. Retrieved from http://www.labmanager.com/‌stips.asp?id=41 • Your Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2011, from http://www.yourdictionary.com/‌average

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