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Solutions

Solutions. Solutions . Homogeneous mixtures Solvent – the substance there is more of; it does the dissolving. Solute – the substance there is less of; it is being dissolved. Solute is dissolved in solvent. Solvated – when the solute is surrounded by solvent molecules.

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions

  2. Solutions • Homogeneous mixtures • Solvent – the substance there is more of; it does the dissolving. • Solute – the substance there is less of; it is being dissolved. • Solute is dissolved in solvent

  3. Solvated – when the solute is surrounded by solvent molecules. • Hydrated – when the solute is surrounded by solvent molecules AND the solvent is water. • Is dissolving a chemical or physical change? • Physical

  4. Liquid vs. Aqueous • NaCl(l) • Requires extremely high temperature to attain • This is a solid that has melted • NaCl(aq) • Dissolved in H2O • Solid NaCl that has been dissolved in water • Dissociation of ions • Doesn’t change the properties of the atoms • No chemical change

  5. Are all things soluble? • No • Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes. • Ex: water (polar) • Non polar solvents dissolve non polar solutes. • Ex: oil (non polar) • “Like Dissolves Like”

  6. Water • Known as “universal solvent” • The attraction between the H+ and O2- is a strong intermolecular force called an H-bond O + H H - O H H

  7. Factors Determining Solubility • Intermolecular Forces • Temperature • Pressure • For gases • What states of matter are required to form solutions? • Any: solid, liquid or gas

  8. Solvent Solute

  9. How do you increase rate of dissolving? • Heating • Stirring • Crushing • One exception: gases dissolve better in colder temperatures.

  10. Henry’s Law • Solubility of gas increases with pressure

  11. Solubility – the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. • Saturated Solution – solution that contains all the solute it can at a given temperature. • Unsaturated Solution – solution that contains less than the saturated amount of solute. • Supersaturated Solution – solution that contains more solute than it could normally hold.

  12. Solubility Curves • Every compound has its own solubility curve. • Typically, when heated, solubility will increase

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