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An Introduction to Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Animal Diversity. Chapter 32. What is an Animal?. Multicellular heterotrophs Tissues develop from embryonic layers Ingest their food Lack cell walls Structural proteins called collagen Contain muscle cells and nerve cells

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An Introduction to Animal Diversity

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  1. An Introduction to Animal Diversity Chapter 32

  2. What is an Animal? • Multicellular heterotrophs • Tissues develop from embryonic layers • Ingest their food • Lack cell walls • Structural proteins called collagen • Contain muscle cells and nerve cells • Most reproduce sexually, with swimming sperm and non-motile egg • Cleavage  blastula  Gastrula (with tissue layers) • Homeoboxes-common sets of DNA sequences • Hox genes-role in development of animal embryos

  3. History of Animals • Neoproterozoic Era-microscopic fossils of multicellular eukaryotes • 565-550 million years ago • Paleozoic Era • 535-525 million years ago • First arthropods, chordates, echinoderms • Precambrian explosion-possible causes • New predator-prey relationships • Rise in atmospheric oxygen

  4. History of Animals • Mesozoic Era • 251-65.5 million years ago • Spread of current animal phyla to new habitats • Some tetrapods developed wings • First mammals Cenozoic Era • 65.5 million years ago • Mass extinction of • Rise of mammals

  5. Animal body plans • Symmetry • Tissues • Body Cavities • Protostome and Deuterostome

  6. Phylogeny • Points of Agreement • All animals share a common ancestor • Sponges are basal animals • Eumetazoa is a clade of animals with true tissues • Most animal phyla belong to the clade Bilateria • Chordates and some other phyla belong to the clade Deuterostomia

  7. Phylogeny: Morphological and Developmental Basis

  8. Phylogeny: Molecular Data

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