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Introduction to Animal Diversity

Introduction to Animal Diversity. Chapter 32 - 34. Classification. To be in the Kingdom Animalia : Eukaryotic Multicellular Ingestive Heterotrophs No cell walls for cellular support. Most are held together by collagen

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Introduction to Animal Diversity

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  1. Introduction to Animal Diversity Chapter 32 - 34

  2. Classification To be in the Kingdom Animalia: • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • IngestiveHeterotrophs • No cell walls for cellular support. • Most are held together by collagen • Have a motile stage at some stage in life cycle (see Trochophore larvae) • Monophyletic from one ancestor • Classification based on anatomical features & embryological development • Evolved ~ 500 million years ago Trochophore Larvae

  3. The Geologic Record

  4. Trends in Animal Development going from primitive to complex

  5. Body Symmetry Asymmetric Radial Bilateral

  6. Cleavage Early stages of development in multicellular organisms • Unicellular zygote • Multicellular hollow ball stage called a blastula • Gastrula – indented ball stage formed by process called Gastrulation. • Indentation is the Blastopore

  7. The Germ Layers 3 main layers form various tissues & organs of the body Form during early embryological development as a result of gastrulation. DiploblasticvsTriploblastic– how many germ layers are formed

  8. Body Cavities A Coelom is a body cavity from the mesoderm which is fluid filled

  9. ProtostomesvsDeutrostomes If the blastopore(opening to the digestive tract) forms the oral opening – Protostome Annelids, mollusks & Arthropods If blastopore forms the anus, it’s aDeutrostome Echinoderms & Chordates Thus, we are more closely related to the Echinoderms than any other invertebrate phylum

  10. /PARAZOA

  11. Parazoa

  12. Characteristics of Common Animal Phyla

  13. Level of Organization in Living Things

  14. Chordate Characteristics Notochord – long, flexible rod formed during embryological development that runs the length of the body between the digestive tube & dorsal nerve cord Pharyngeal clefts – grooves separating pouches along sides of the pharynx. Becomes slits to allow water to enter & exit mouth without going through digestive tract Dorsal Nerve Cord Muscular tail Coelom

  15. Evolution and Phylogeny of the Chordates

  16. The Amniotic Egg Found in Amniotes, providing major adaptation to reproduction on land Contains specialized extraembryonic membranes that protect embryo • Allantois– a disposal sac for metabolic wastes produced by embryo • Amnion – Protects embryo in fluid filled cavity • Chorion – Along with Allantois, involved with exchange of gases between air and embryo • Yolk sac – Contains yolk for nutrients with blood vessels transporting nutrients to embryo Albumin – provides protein to developing embryo Shell is porous for gas exchange

  17. Vertebrate Classes & Characteristics

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