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Chapter 19 Molecules and Compounds

Chapter 19 Molecules and Compounds. Section 19.1 Bonding and Molecules – Part 2. Types of Chemical Bonds. Recall that atoms gain, lose, or share e - to gain 8 valence e - . so that they become stable. Ionic Bonds - f ormed when atoms gain or lose electrons. Ex: Na has 1 valence e -

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Chapter 19 Molecules and Compounds

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  1. Chapter 19 Molecules and Compounds Section 19.1 Bonding and Molecules – Part 2

  2. Types of Chemical Bonds • Recall that atoms gain, lose, or share e- to gain 8 valence e-. • so that they become stable.

  3. IonicBonds-formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. • Ex: Na has 1 valence e- =

  4. When Na loses that electron, its 2nd E.L. becomes full and stable with 8 e-. sodium atom sodium ion Atoms with an electrical charge are called ions.

  5. Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. • If Cl gains 1 electron, its valence shell will be full and stable. chlorine atom chlorine ion

  6. Opposites attract, so… • Are these two ions likely to bond?

  7. Covalent Bonds • Most atoms share electrons to gain an octet. • Covalentbonds are formed when e- are shared.

  8. Covalent Bonds, cont. • Covalent bonds can form between 2 different types of atoms or between 2 or more atoms of the same type.

  9. Diatomicmolecules: • – covalently bonded atoms of the same type. • Exs: H2 Cl2 F2 I2 O2 Br2 N2

  10. How can you tell whether a bond is ionic or covalent? In GENERAL: • Ionic – metal / nonmetal • Covalent – 2 nonmetals

  11. Electronegativity • Sometimes e- are shared unequally in covalent bonds. • Electronegativity – attraction atom has for shared pair of e-.

  12. Electronegativity • Elements in Group 17 have highest electronegativity. • Elements in Groups 1 and 2 have lowest electronegativity.

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