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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Photosynthesis. Involves the Use Of light Energy to convert Water (H 2 0) and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) into Oxygen (O 2 ) and High Energy Carbohydrates (sugars, e.g. Glucose) & Starches. The Photosynthesis Equation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS. = sac-like

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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  1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  2. Photosynthesis • Involves the Use Of light Energy to convert Water (H20) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into Oxygen (O2) and High Energy Carbohydrates (sugars, e.g. Glucose) & Starches

  3. The Photosynthesis Equation

  4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS = sac-like photosynthetic = stack of thylakoids membranes inside chloroplast THYLAKOIDS GRANUM (pl. grana)

  5. SPACES THYLAKOIDSPACE STROMA Gel-filled space inside chloroplast surrounding thylakoid sac Gel-filled space Inside the thylakoid sac cytoplasm Gel-filled space OUTSIDE chloroplast but inside the cell membrane

  6. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS Proteins that are part of the thylakoid membrane organize ________________________________ into clusters called _____________________ Light absorbing PIGMENTS PHOTOSYSTEMS

  7. Pigments • In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires Pigments • Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs • Chlorophyll is found inside chloroplasts

  8. Light and Pigments • Light Contains A Mixture Of Wavelengths • Different Wavelengths Have Different Colors

  9. Light & Pigments • Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light • Energy from light “excites” electrons in the plant’s pigments • Excited electrons carry the absorbed energy

  10. Oxygen Light & Water ATP NADPH Light-Dependent Reaction PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-Independent Reactions

  11. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS ATP SYNTHASE INSIDE THYLAKOID SPACE ↓ PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓ ELECTRON TRANSPORTSYSTEM ↓ PHOTOSYSTEMI OUTSIDE THYLAKOID IN STROMA

  12. WHY DOES PHOTOSYSTEM II COME BEFORE PHOTOSYSTEM I? It was discovered and named 1st PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓ ↓ PHOTOSYSTEMI

  13. REMEMBER DIFFUSION? Molecules move automatically from where there’s A LOT to where there’s NOT

  14. Diffusion happens anytime there is a difference in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________ CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

  15. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS SEE A MOVIEATP SYNTHASEIN ACTION

  16. LIGHT THYLAKOID membranes LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION Requires ______________ Pigments that absorb light are part of ____________________________ Made up of ____________________________ connected by ______________________________ & ___________________ Uses light energy to create _______ and _________ Breaks apart ______ molecules and releases _____________ PHOTOSYSTEMS II & I ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ATP SYNTHASE ATP NADPH H20 oxygen

  17. Light & Water Oxygen ATP NADPH Light-IndependentReactions CALVIN CYCLE Carbon Dioxide (CH2O)n Light-Dependent Reaction PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  18. PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Prentice Hall

  19. Calvin Cycle (8E) Video 5 • Click the image to play the video segment.

  20. Calvin Cycle CO2 Enters the Cycle Energy Input 5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated 6-Carbon Sugar Produced See Calvin cycleanimation Sugars and other compounds

  21. LIGHT INDEPENDENT DOES NOT LIGHT STROMA CALVIN CYCLE (also called _________________________) ____________ require ____________ Happens in the _________ between thylakoids NADPH donates ________________________ ATP donates _________________ CO2 donates ____________________ to make __________ Hydrogen + electrons ENERGY Carbon & oxygen GLUCOSE http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

  22. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis AMOUNT OF WATER ____________________ Water is one of the raw materials needed, so A shortage of water can ________________ photosynthesis slow or stop Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss. http://www.hononegah.org/departments/Anderson/cactus.JPG

  23. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C At temperatures above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop Conifers in winter may carry out photosynthesis only occasionally TEMPERATURE http://www.sustland.umn.edu/maint/images/evergreen10.jpg

  24. REMEMBER CELL BIO pH temperature Enzymes work BEST at a certain ___ and __________. Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins to unwind or _________ DENATURE http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg

  25. Denaturing changes the shape of the enzyme making it not work HOMEOSTASIS (keeping pH and temperature constant) is important for maintaining enzyme function. Image from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html

  26. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis LIGHT INTENSITY ____________________ More light increases rate of photosynthesis up to a certain level until plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis See effect of light experiment http://www.teachnet.ie/foneill/exper.htm http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif

  27. THE BIG PICTURE OXYGEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides the _____________ we breathe and the __________ heterotrophs (like us) consume to survive sugars Carbondioxide Sugars WATER Oxygen _____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________

  28. Concept Map Section 8-3 Photosynthesis includes takes place in uses use take place in to produce to produce of

  29. Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle Energy from sunlight Thylakoid membranes ATP Stroma NADPH High-energy sugars ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts Concept Map Section 8-3 Photosynthesis includes takes place in uses use take place in to produce to produce of

  30. SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS • Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis: • The students will be able to: • explain the biochemical processes that a plant uses in photosynthesis • explain the role ADP-ATP cycle has within the chloroplast of the cell (9-12.L.1.1) • explain the light reaction (9-12.L.1.1) • explain the steps of photophosphorylation and the Calvin Cycle (9-12.L.1.1)

  31. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things • 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. • Photosynthesis and respiration • ATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymes Mitochondria Chloroplasts

  32. Core High School Life SciencePerformance Descriptors

  33. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. 9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS) Examples: photosystems, photophosphorylation, Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle

  34. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. 9-12.L.1.2A. (Synthesis) Describe how living systems use biofeedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. 9-12.L.1.4A. (Application) Identify factors that change the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions.

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