3 Norths and Basic Map Reading

1. 3 Norths and Basic Map Reading LOC 7

2. Starter: Academic Vocabulary 1st Copy: DUE MONDAY Use a regular sheet of paper for this week While we take attendance, complete as many academic vocabulary as you can

3. THE CURRENT CLASSROOM “MODE”

4. Entry 3: Three Norths • True North: The actual north disregarding the earth axis. • Magnetic North: The north pole attracts all compasses to magnetic north. • Grid North: The north that is marked in the legend of a map

5. Entry 4: Identify Topographic Symbols Six Basic Colors: 1. Black: Cultural (Man-Made) Features Other Than Roads 2. Blue: Water 3. Brown: All Relief Features- Contour lines on Old Maps- Cultivated Land on Red-Light Readable Maps 4. Green: Vegetation 5. Red: Major Roads, Built Up Areas, Special Features on Old Maps 6. Red-Brown: All Relief Features and Main Roads on Red-Light Readable Maps Any Additional Information Will Be Contained in the Map Legend

6. Entry 5: Contour Line • Lines on map that represent elevation along that line. Elevation is measured above sea level • A representation of a 3-Dimensional landscape on a 2-Dimensional map • Contour lines that are closer together represent a steeper incline or decline • Contour lines that are farther apart represent a more flat area. Less steep. • Usually found on topographic maps, not necessarily a map your phone would use.

7. Entry 6: Terrain Features Five Major: Hill, Valley, Ridge, Saddle, Depression Three Minor: Draw, Spur, Cliff Two Supplemental: Cut, Fill

8. Entry 7: Hill- a point or small area of high ground. When you are on a hilltop, the ground slopes down in all directions

9. Entry 8: Valley • Valley- reasonably level ground bordered on the sides by higher ground. A valley may or may not contain a stream course. A valley generally has maneuver room within its confines. Contour lines indicating a valley are U-shaped and tend to parallel a stream before crossing it. The course of the contour line crossing the stream always points upstream

10. Entry 9: Ridge- a line of high ground with height variations along its crest. The ridge is not simply a line of hills; all points of the ridge crest are higher than the ground on both sides of the ridge

11. Entry 10: Saddle- a dip or low point along the crest of a ridge. A saddle is not necessarily the lower ground between two hilltops; it may be a break along an otherwise level ridge crest

12. Entry 11: Depression- a low point or hole in the ground, surrounded on all sides by higher ground

13. Entry 12: Spur • a usually short, continuously sloping line of higher ground, normally jutting out from the side of a ridge. A spur is often formed by two thoroughly parallel streams cutting draws down the side of a ridge

14. Entry 13: Draw • similar to a valley, except that it normally is a less developed stream course in which there is generally no level ground and, therefore, little or no maneuver room. The ground slopes upward on each side and toward the head of the draw. • Draws are caused by flash floods and can be found on flat terrain but are more often found along the sides of ridges. Contour lines indicating a draw are shaped like a "V" with the point of the "V" toward the head of the draw (high ground).

15. Entry 14 :Cliff- a vertical or near-vertical slope. A cliff may be shown on a map by contour lines being close together, touching, or by a ticked "carrying" contour line. The ticks always point toward lower ground.