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Understanding Information Systems: Concepts, Management, and Strategic Advantage

Explore the definitions and types of information systems, their importance to organizations and society, and strategies for competitive advantage. Learn about managing information resources, traditional IS functions, and new IS roles. Discover how IS support end users, with a focus on the help desk.

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Understanding Information Systems: Concepts, Management, and Strategic Advantage

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  1. CHAPTER 1&2 Information Systems: Concepts and Management

  2. 1.1 Information Systems: Concepts and Definitions Data Item Information Knowledge

  3. Information Systems: Concepts and Definitions Information Technology Architecture Information Technology Infrastructure

  4. Example: IS (IT Architecture of Online Travel Agency)

  5. 2.1 Types of Information Systems Computer-based information systems (CBIS) use computer technology to perform some or all of their tasks and are composed of: • Hardware • Software • A Database • A Network • Procedures • People

  6. Information Systems Inside Your Organization

  7. Information Technology Outside Your Organization

  8. Application Programs An application program is a computer program designed to support a specific task, a business process or another application program.

  9. Breadth of Support of Information Systems • Functional area information systems • Enterprise resource planning systems • Transaction processing systems • Interorganizational information systems

  10. Information Systems Support for Organization Employees • Office automation systems • Functional area information systems • Business intelligence systems • Expert Systems • Dashboards

  11. 2.2 Competitive Advantage and Strategic Information Systems • Competitive Advantage • Strategic Information Systems (SIS)

  12. Strategies for Competitive Advantage • Cost Leadership • Differentiation • Innovation • Operational Effectiveness • Customer-orientation

  13. 2.3 Why are Information Systems Important to Organizations & Society • IT will reduce the number of middle managers. • IT will change the manager’s job. • IT impacts employees at work. • IT provides quality-of-life improvements.

  14. Managing Information Resources • Which IT Resources are Managed and By Whom? • The Role of the IS Department

  15. Traditional Major IS Functions • Managing systems development and systems project management • Managing computer operations • Staffing, training, developing IS skills • Providing technical services • Infrastructure planning, development, control

  16. New (Consultative) IS Functions • Initiating and designing strategic information systems • Incorporating the Internet and e-commerce into the business • Managing system integration • Educating non-IS managers about IT • Educating IS staff about the business • Supporting end-user computing • Partnering with executives • Managing outsourcing • Innovate • Ally with vendors and IS departments in other organizations

  17. Supporting End Users One form of end-user support is the help desk, where IS staffers help users troubleshoot problems with their systems. This video shows the first help desk.

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