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Protecting Cultural Heritage from Disasters

Protecting Cultural Heritage from Disasters. Christopher E Marrion PE, FSFPE, NFPA, APTI, MScFPE ICOMOS : ICORP Marrion Fire & Risk Consulting PE, LLC, NY, USA chris.marrion@marrionconsulting.com. What is Cultural Heritage??. What is Cultural Heritage?.

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Protecting Cultural Heritage from Disasters

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  1. Protecting Cultural Heritage from Disasters Christopher E Marrion PE, FSFPE, NFPA, APTI, MScFPE ICOMOS : ICORP Marrion Fire & Risk Consulting PE, LLC, NY, USA chris.marrion@marrionconsulting.com

  2. What is Cultural Heritage??

  3. What is Cultural Heritage? Tangible cultural heritage: immovable Buildings

  4. What is Cultural Heritage? Tangible cultural heritage: immovable Bridges/Structures

  5. What is Cultural Heritage? Tangible cultural heritage: immovable Structures/Ships

  6. What is Cultural Heritage? Tangible cultural heritage: immovable Monuments

  7. What is Cultural Heritage? Monuments

  8. What is Cultural Heritage?  Tangible cultural heritage: movable

  9. What is Cultural Heritage? Natural heritage

  10. What is Cultural Heritage?  Tangible cultural heritage: Underwater

  11. What is Cultural Heritage? Intangible cultural heritage (oral traditions, performing arts, rituals)

  12. What is Cultural Heritage – Role in Community and Identity • Meeting places to strengthen relationships • Physical anchors within a community • A sense of local and regional identity • A sense of belonging • Maintain community pride

  13. What is Cultural Heritage: Heritage & Sacred Sites • A place for…. • developing spirituality • seeking higher knowledge, wisdom • physical, emotional, and spiritual healing • connecting with our past • connecting with our future • Connecting with our children who may be able to experience the same.

  14. Significance of Cultural Heritage - Community ‘Ownership’ Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt • Response/Recovery • Coordinating volunteers In January 2011, thousands of Egypt's students, library workers, and demonstrators surrounded the great Library of Alexandria and joined hands, forming a human chain to protect the building. They chanted "We love you, Egypt!" as they stood together for the freedom the library represented. “Hands Around the Library” Protecting Egypt's Treasured Books, Jan 2011.

  15. The Need to • Protect Our Cultural Heritage

  16. We continue losing our Heritage to Disasters Natural Disasters Earthquakes Volcanoes Avalanches/Landslides Floods

  17. We continue losing our Heritage to Disasters Natural Disasters Fire Tsunamis Hurricanes Wildfires

  18. We continue losing our Heritage to Disasters Man-Made Disasters Buddhas of Bamiyan Kasubi Tombs Tombs, Timbuktu Iraq/Syria

  19. The Need to Protect Cultural Heritage from Disasters Benefits and Potential Opportunities Incorporating in DRR • Improves quality of life • Saves lives, reduces those impacted • Helps Inform Safer Structures & Sites • Economic Value and Opportunity • Increases communities’ resilience

  20. Incorporating the protection of cultural heritage in DRR can….

  21. Can Assist in Creating Awareness and Engaging Community in Prevention

  22. Helps Engage Communities: Awareness, Early Warning & Emergency Response

  23. Helps Engage Communities: Awareness, Early Warning & Emergency Response • Awareness • Prevention • Detection, Notification, Response, Suppression • Close coordination: e.g. businesses, heritage managers, emergency responders, local city authorities, local communities, et al. Kyoto Japan, awareness, early detection, notification

  24. Helps Engage Community: Awareness, Early Warning & Emergency Response • regular emergency drills • close coordination with local emergency services. • Awareness, prevention, emergency response

  25. Can Protect Lives & Reduce Those Impacted

  26. Protecting LivesArea of Refuge/Safety

  27. Traditional Knowledge Helps Inform Safer Structures

  28. Help Inform Safer Structures Traditional Knowledge • Traditional knowledge • local building techniques, • materials, • Methods • preventing/mitigating/responding to/recovering from disasters. • Tried/tested over centuries • proven effective in addressing various disasters • Look locally and internationally.

  29. Help Inform Safer Structures Traditional Knowledge

  30. Help Inform Safer Structures Traditional Knowledge • Structures - Resisting hazards: Learning from what is left vs what is not left

  31. Help Inform Safer Structures Traditional Knowledge • Resisting Earthquakes - Gingerbread Houses, Haiti, 2010

  32. Help Inform Safer Structures Traditional Knowledge The Earthquake Survivors Kashmir Earthquake 2005

  33. Help Inform Safer Structures Traditional Knowledge Gujarat Earthquake 2001 Traditional Masonry Constructions Wood Frames with masonry infill

  34. Help Inform Safer Sites

  35. Help Inform Safer Sites Traditional Knowledge Minamisanriku-cho in Disaster affected Tohoku Area, Japan Heritage as Refuge during Emergency

  36. Can Assist in Response & Recovery

  37. Can Assist in Response and Recovery • Protecting Heritage Helps In • Response/Recovery • Coordinating volunteers Florence, Italy – 1964 Flood

  38. Can Assist in Response and Recovery • Protecting Heritage Helps In • Response/Recovery • Coordinating volunteers

  39. Economic Value & Opportunity

  40. Economic Value & Opportunity • Cultural heritage tourism: a significant revenue stream. • European Cultural Heritage generates • over 340.000 million EUR annually, (10% of EU GDP) • employing ~10m citizens • ~2m businesses • Cultural Heritage conservation market: estimated at 5.000 million EUR per year. • Investing in DRR of cultural heritage will help in protecting the local economy, livelihoods, safety. • Ref. [1] European Commission (2013) EU Research - Cultural Heritage. Publications Office of the European Union.  • Protecting Cultural Heritage Tourism contributes to: • employment • regional development • sustainable development • protected natural and cultural heritage • maintaining a region’s identity.

  41. Economic Value & Opportunity

  42. Economic Value & Opportunity CuttySark (1869) Fire: 2007 Fire related damage: USD 10 mil Approx 2 mil visitors/yr: USD 25 mil/yr Broader Community USD 10mil? 25ml?

  43. Economic Value & Opportunity CuttySark (1869) Fire: 2007 Fire related damage: USD 10 mil Approx 2 mil visitors/yr: USD 25 mil/yr Broader Community USD 10mil? 25ml? Vs Fire Prevention/MitigationUSD100,000 ??? Impact on economies Broad cost-benefit

  44. Protecting Our Cultural Heritage: Going Forward Benefits and Potential Opportunities • Improves quality of life • Saves lives, reduces those impacted • Helps Inform Safer Structures & Sites • Economic Value and Opportunity • Increases Communities’ resilience

  45. Protecting Our Cultural Heritage: Going Forward Training Capacity building Raising awareness Projects

  46. Protecting Our Cultural Heritage: Going Forward

  47. Protecting Our Cultural Heritage: Going Forward • Post 2015 Framework • Ten Essentials (Resilient Cities) • Sustainable Development Goals

  48. Summary • We need to incorporate culture and heritage into DRR • Protecting Heritage Supports a Communities’ Resilience. • We can learn from its traditional knowledge to be more resilient • A culture of ‘prevention over recovery’ has numerous benefits, including saving lives and protecting our cultural heritage.

  49. Protecting Cultural Heritage from Disasters Christopher E Marrion PE, FSFPE, NFPA, APTI, MScFPE ICOMOS : ICORP Marrion Fire & Risk Consulting PE, LLC, NY, USA chris.marrion@marrionconsulting.com

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