13 Colonies

1. 13 Colonies Life in early America Objectives/Standards: Describe the contributions of geographic and economic conditions, religion, and colonial systems of government to the development of American democratic practices. Describe the geography, cultures, and economics of the Southern, Middle Atlantic, and New England Colonies. Describe interactions (e.g., agricultural and cultural exchanges, alliances, conflicts) between Native Americans and European settlers.

2. Coming to America Teacherspayteachers.com Jessica Giuliani

3. Vocabulary Colony – What is a colony?A settlement in a new area. The first colonies in North America were along the eastern coast. Settler – What is a settler? A person that moves to an area, usually to colonize. . Settlers came from Spain, France, Sweden, Holland, and England.

4. Original 13 Colonies

5. Reasons Why • Some people didn’t like, or agree with, the Church of England. • They wanted the Church to be more pure. These people were called Puritans. • They decided to start a colony in the North East part of America.

6. Other Reasons Why • Wealth and resources • New beginning • Get out of debt • Escape political persecution

7. The Colonies Each colony was unique in it’s characteristics. However, they are grouped together based on location, reasons they were founded, and what types of industries they had. New England Colonies Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire Middle Colonies Delaware Pennsylvania New York New Jersey Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

8. New England Colonies

9. Vocabulary Frontier– What is a frontier?Lands beyond the areas already settled. Colonists would expand their settlements beyond what was already colonized by heading in a westerly direction. Sometimes this expansion would cause conflicts with Native Americans. Charter – What is a charter? An official paper. Settlers had permission from the King of England to start colonies in America.

10. New England Colonies The settlers here wanted to keep their family together and practice their own religions. They were used to doing many things themselves and not depending on other people for much. Some were looking for economic opportunities. Some starting fishing settlements

11. New England Colonies People in New England towns lived, worked, and worshiped close together. People used a barter system instead of money. This means to trade goods. The meetinghouse was the most important building in the town. Facts

12. New England Colonies Facts Women and girls spent hours cooking and preparing food. They churned butter and dried fruits. This food was stored to last through the winter. They used animal fat to make candles and soaps. The men would hunt and work in the fields. They also made their own tools.

13. New England Colonies Economy -farming and fishing communities -made their own clothes and shoes -corn and wheat grew in large numbers and much was shipped to England -Boston was the major New England port.

14. New England Colonies By 1750, busy cities cropped up around the New England colonies. Some colonists lived in small towns surrounded by farm land outside of the big cities.

15. New England Colonies School One room One teacher Very strict, children were often whipped for punishment The main subject was reading

16. Middle Colonies

17. Vocabulary Refuge– What is refuge?A safe place. Many colonists longed to find a refuge to live and worship that was away from the King’s rules.

18. Vocabulary Immigrant– What is an immigrant?A person that comes into a country to start a new life. People came to America from many different places to start a new life. Diversity– What is diversity?A group of people from very different backgrounds. The Middle colonies were an interesting place to live because of the diversity among the people.

19. Middle Colonies The settlers here were looking to practice their own religion or to make money. Many of these people didn't bring their families with them from England and were the perfect workers for the hard work required in ironworks and shipyards.

20. Middle Colonies Economy -These Colonies were part agriculture, part industrial -Wheat and other grains were grown -Factories produced iron, paper and textiles -Trading goods with England was common

21. Middle Colonies Facts -Sometimes called the “The Bread Basket” colonies because they grew so many crops for making bread. -In addition to the lush land for growing crops, there were several large harbors. - Germans built the Conestoga wagon here

22. Middle Colonies Facts -Settlers that lived here came from many different places and backgrounds. -Dutch, Swedish, French, Belgian, English, and more! Many lived in Philadelphia -Philadelphia means “brotherly love” in Greek. It was founded on the principles of living peacefully together.

23. Middle Colonies The Quakers -Believed all people were equal -Refused to swear loyalty to the king or queen -Refused to participate in war -Came to the Americas for refuge and worship -Lived in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania

24. Southern Colonies

25. Vocabulary Overseer– What is a overseer?Someone that was hired to watch slaves as they worked. Plantation owners hired overseers to watch the slaves and make sure they did their jobs. Indigo– What is indigo?A plant that was used in making blue dye. The farmers grew indigo plants. Indigo was an important cash crop for the Southern colonies.

26. Southern Colonies The settlers here, for the most part, wanted to make money. They brought their families and they kept their them together on the plantations. But their main reason for being here was to make the good money.

27. Southern Colonies Economy -almost entirely agricultural -plantations were abundant -a large part of the workforce was African slaves -plantations grew tobacco, rice, and indigo

28. Southern Colonies Facts -Slavery was legal -Children born to slaves became slave themselves -Sometimes families were broken apart and sold to other plantation owners -Enslaved people were often abused or beaten

29. Colonial Life…

30. Facts About School • Boys normally went to grammar schools while girls went to dame school. • There were no chalkboards, maps, or paper. • School teachers were strict and were allowed to hit their students or make them wear a dunce hat if they were bad or said the wrong answer.

31. Other Facts About School In the New England colonies, children were taught to read so they could study the Bible. Boys got to also learn Latin and Math and other subjects to get into college. Girls could learn to read, but they weren't allowed to go to grammar school or to college. In the Middle Colonies, most schools were private. Students also learned other subjects so they could get into college. Girls weren't allowed to attend (unless they were Quakers). In the Southern Colonies, children were mostly taught at home. As in the other colonies, Southern girls did not go to higher schooling.

32. Free Time Barn Raising (was a social event!) Sleigh Rides& Ice Skate Make new clothes Plays Dances & Social Clubs

33. Conflict in the Colonies As colonists settled and spread across New England, they entered land that was already lived on by Native Americans.

34. Conflict in the Colonies The Native Americans and colonists began attacking each other’s villages. They had very different ideas about owning land. Natives believed no one could own land while colonists believed you could own it if you claim it. Arguments began to lead to war resulting in lives lost. Some tribes were nearly completely wiped out.

35. Vocabulary Quiz Colony settler frontier charter indigo Refuge immigrant diversity overseer Study your vocabulary words. There is a quiz on the next page.

36. Vocabulary Quiz Colony settler frontier charter indigo Refuge immigrant diversity overseer • A plant used to make blue dye. • Someone hired to watch slaves. • An official piece of paper. • The area west of a colony thatis to be settled. • A settlement in a new area. • 6. A safe place. • 7. A person that comes into a country to start a new life. • A person that settled in the colonies. • The word from when people are from all different backgrounds.

37. Vocabulary Quiz Answers: • Indigo • Overseer • Charter • Frontier • Colony • Refuge • Immigrant • Settler • Diversity

38. Fact & opinion Decide which are facts and which are opinions. On the next slide, decide if the statement is fact or opinion. Then, tell why. Fact: A state that is supported by evidence and is true. Opinion: A statement that tells what a person might believe or feel.

39. Fact & opinion Decide which are facts and which are opinions. • The settlers traded goods with each other. • Farming families were the best workers. • Slaves were owned by plantation owners. • Leaders during this time were excellent speakers. • The Quakers had the best ideas about religion. • If children misbehaved in school, they would be punished. • Trading is a better way to run a community than using money. • The Southern colonies had many plantations. FACT OPINION FACT OPINION OPINION FACT OPINION FACT

40. Fact & opinion Write 3 facts and 3 opinions about the colonists and their lives by making a t-chart. Facts opinions

41. Assignment OBJECTIVE: Students will write an historical fiction paragraph in the form of a journal entry. Step 1: Imagine you are a colonist from either the New England, Middle, or Southern colonies. Step 2: Write a journal entry of your life during this time. It should be a few paragraphs long. Step 3: Include your thoughts, feelings, activities around you, conflicts, daily life, etc. Hint; use a combination of the notes your took from this presentation, research from your Social Studies book, library books, or internet to assist you in your facts.

42. Rubric