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Understanding ICT Control Systems in Organizations

Learn how organizations utilize ICT for control systems, understand hardware and software requirements, and explore various applications. Discover what control systems are, their uses, examples, and physical conditions controlled by computers or microprocessors. Delve into hardware and software requirements and specific applications like air conditioning, refrigeration, and central heating.

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Understanding ICT Control Systems in Organizations

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  1. AS ICT Control Systems

  2. Objectives • Have an understanding of how organizations use ICT. • Be able to describe a number of uses, giving the hardware and software requirements. • Be able to describe the applications that these uses can be put to.

  3. What is a control system? • Uses microprocessors or computers to control certain physical conditions, either • Keeping them the same over a period of time or • Varying them according to predefined values/lengths of time

  4. Examples of control systems • Maintaining constant physical conditions: • Air conditioning systems • Central heating systems • Refrigeration • Medical applications: Intensive care • Car Manufacture plants • Process Control

  5. Physical conditions (variables) that are controlled by computer/microprocessors include: • Temperature • Pressure • Humidity • Light • Moisture etc

  6. Hardware requirements: Input • Numeric Keypad • Push buttons/switches • Temperature sensor • Moisture sensor • Pressure sensor • Light sensor • Contact Switch

  7. Hardware requirements: Process • ADC • DAC • Timer • Algorithms to compare data from sensors to predefined values or ranges

  8. Hardware requirements: Output • Robot • Fans • Heaters • Boilers • Buzzer/alarm • Lights • LED display

  9. Air conditioning • Sensors are needed to monitor temperature (continuously) • Microprocessor compares the temperature with a preset value/range • Depending on result microprocessor causes the fan motor to speed up or slow down • Fan motor switched on or off

  10. IPO/hardware requirements

  11. Closed Loop system • Output directly affects the input • No human intervention is necessary • Good for situations where control is required 24/7, or in a dangerous/difficult environment

  12. Refrigeration • Sensors continuously monitor temperature • Microprocessor compares the temperature with a preset value/range • Depending on result microprocessor causes the fan motor to speed up or slow down • Fan motor switched on or off

  13. IPO/hardware requirements

  14. Central heating • Sensors are needed to monitor temperature (continuously) • Microprocessor compares the temperature with a preset value/range • Microprocessor controls two actuators • one opens gas valves in the boiler • the other switches the pump on

  15. IPO/hardware requirements

  16. Hardware required for central heating • Boiler • Hot water cylinder • Pump • Radiators • Temperature sensors

  17. Control systems require: • Compressors • Heaters • Condensers • Pumps • Fans • Temperature sensors • Moisture sensors • Pressure sensors • Light sensors

  18. Software requirements • Control software

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