AEROSPACE SAFETY CONCEPT

1. AEROSPACE SAFETY CONCEPT “People First Mission Always”

2. AEROSPACE SAFETY CONCEPT Safety Definition An attitude towards wise and intelligent application of one’s abilities and skills with a clear understanding of potential hazards and adopting necessary measures to eliminate them. Combine with Aerospace it becomes Aerospace Safety.

3. IMPORTANCE OF AEROSPACE SAFETY Operational capability and aerospace Safety are complementary to each other. Preservation of our resources remains an all-important objective. No operational goals can be achieved, if pilots and aircraft are lost. Eliminating the accidental loss of aviation resources is a major factor in maintaining operational capability Vital to mission accomplishment in the IAF

4. OBJECTIVE OF AEROSPACE SAFETY To prevent any accident, which constitutes an avoidable and unwanted waste of valuable human life and material resources costing millions of rupees, besides incurring irreplaceable loss to the IAF

5. AEROSPACE SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Almost all flying accidents are avoidable. A high level of professionalism will go a long way in reducing accidents. Flying activity by itself is not an activity warranting accident justification. Below standard performances should not be accepted.   Corrective actions should be implemented to the causes and not to effects. Communication at all levels plays a very important part in accident prevention.

6. AS MANAGEMENT APPROACH IAF follows a two-pronged approach in pursuit of the objective of accident prevention: - Proactive Approach Reactive Measures

7. PROACTIVE APPROACH Data collation on accidents, incidents and defects for meaningful trend analysis and pattern recognition. Accident Prevention Programmes such as OHR, BHC Measures, Anti-FOD, Human Error Voluntary Reporting, Vegetation Clearance, Solid Waste Management etc. Follow-up of recommendations and implementation of remedial measures suggested by CoI/TI/Defect Investigations. Conduct of FS Inspections, independently assessing conformance to standards and for identifying unsafe acts / conditions. Safety Education and Training. Operational Risk Management.

8. REACTIVE APPROACH An accurate and credible Accident / Incident Reporting System. Aircraft Accident Investigation Board for independent investigation. Court of Inquiry for thorough investigation into aircraft accidents/ incidents and recommendation of remedial measures.

9. AEROSPACE SAFETY ORAGNISATON Aerospace Safety it has a comprehensive independent organisation at all levels. Purpose is to ensure operational capability by conserving human and material resourcesthrough prevention of aircraft accidents. Body responsible for implementation of AS safety programme of reporting, investigating, collecting, studying, analysing, and disseminating all this accident related data horizontally and vertically.

10. ORAGNISATON FUNCTIONS Advisecommanders on AS safety matters and implementation of its programme. Operate independently so as to have an unbiased overview. Functions directly under commander with the right of direct access to matters of Aerospace Safety. Independent in the field of accident reporting, procedures, inspections and investigations. Has advisors from maintenance and administrative fields for comprehensive accident prevention programme.

11. ORAGNISATON CHART AIR HQ ACAS(I)(AS) PDAS

12. ORAGNISATON CHART STATION

13. DG (I&S) Director General (Inspection and Safety) ACAS (I) Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Inspection) ACAS (AS) Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Aerospace Safety) PDAS Principal Director Aerospace Safety DASI Directorate of Air Staff Inspection DMI Directorate of maintenance Inspection DA Directorate of Admin Inspection DAS Directorate of Aerospace Safety AEB Aircrew Examination Board AOC-IN-C Air Officer Commanding in Chief  SASO Senior Air Staff Officer  CAS& IO Command Aerospace Safety and Inspection Officer  CMS & IO Command Maintenance Safety and Inspection Officer COO Chief Operations Officer  SAS&IO Station Aerospace Safety and Inspection Officer  MSIO Maintenance Safety and Inspection Officer  ASIO Admin Safety and Inspection Officer  MSWO Maintenance Safety Warrant officer  ASWO Admin Safety Warrant officer ABBREVIATIONS

14. ORAGNISATON CHART AIR HQ

15. AS SAFETY COMMITTEES Effectiveness of the Aerospace Safety Program is reviewed by competent specialists formed as committees at each level of command. At unit level committee headed by CO. Stn Cdr/AOC is the chairman of Station Flt Safety Council. Committees meet regularly and document minutes of the meeting. Minutes of the meeting states clearly what actions are to be taken and by whom. Follow up action at all levels is monitored by higher authorities to see the effectiveness.

16. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE Airfield Environment Management Committee (AEMC) formed in 1980 by Ministry of Home Affairs (Notification No 53/1/80 public 01 May 1980). Committees functions under the chairmanship of Senior Local Administrator (usually DM/Commissioner). Purpose is to identify underlying cause of bird activity and take suitable measures and to assist the Air Force authorities in prevention of aircraft accidents/incidents. Meeting held at six monthly intervals.

17. SCOPE OF COMMITTEE MEETINGS Measures for disposal of liquid and solid waste and discontinuation of open garbage. Preventionof unauthorised slums, eating houses, butcheries, slaughterhouses etc., near airfields by taking executive and legislative measures, as may be necessary. Proper disposal of carcasses and measures to maintain environmental cleanliness within a radius of 10 to 15 km around the airfield. Prohibit developmental projects like garbage dump constructions around the airfield and to comment on the suitability of any alternative solutions proposed.

18. SOME FLT SAFETY ACTIVITIES Aerospace safety magazine are published once a month by IFS Air HQ and distributed to all the stations. Setting up of aerospace safety and maintenance safety corners in aircraft servicing hangers at a convenient place. Setting up of “Operating Hazard Report“ boxes at locations throughout the technical area. Air Force System on Error Management (AFSEM). Provide a platform to all air warriors to report errors, violations, unsafe and unreported acts which acts which may jeopardize Aerospace safety.

19. CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS Aircraft accident is an occurrence not directly caused by enemy action and results in damage to aircraft or property and/ or injury to one or more persons. (Damage or injury caused by enemy action is termed as Battle Damage/ Casualty). All flying accidents are to be grouped under one of the following cause factors: Human Error (Aircrew). Error on part of aircrew , includes error of judgment/skill, negligence, indiscipline, incorrect operating techniques and non-adherence to laid down rules/regulations/procedures. Human Error (Servicing). Error on the part of technical personnel connected with servicing and maintenance of aircraft. Human Error (Support Services). Accidents caused due to any person connected with provision of support for fling operations such as ATC, Met, Radar Arrester barrier etc.

20. CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS Human Error (Others). Error on the part of any person not connected with flying, maintenance and support services. Technical Defect. Accidents caused due to the failure/malfunction of any ac engine component. Includes material failure, and manufacturing/production defects. Natural/ Operational Risk. Accidents caused due to natural or operational hazards such as unpredictable weather, hostile terrain, collision with wild animals etc. Foreign Object Damage. Accidents caused due to the impact or ingestion of a FOD into the engine or airframe.

21. CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS Unsatisfactory equipment. Accidents caused due to faulty equipment. Bird Strike. Accidents caused due to bird hits. Unresolved. Cases where exact cause could not be established. Under Investigation. Cases which are still under any investigation. Organisational Faults. Cases of failure on the part of the organization at any level under IAF control. E.g faulty supervision, lack of adequate instructions, inadequate training and lack of proper resources.

22. Case Study I. Pilot was authorised to fly a SU-30 MKI aircraft for a combat sortie. After landing, while jettisoning brake parachute on ORP, the brake parachute due strong cross surface winds got entangled with starboard wing and main wheel. Cause. High cross winds. Case of natural /operational risk. Case II. While flying SU 30 MKI, Pilot noticed port engine low hydraulic pressure warnings came on followed by hydraulic failure waning. The pilot immediately returned base and executed normal landing and switched off the aircraft at the end of the runway. Cause. Break in hydraulic pressure pipeline because of metal to metal contact due to excessive vibrations in the zone. Case of Technical defect.

23. IMPACT OF WX HAZARDS ON AS SAFETY As aircraft fly within the atmosphere and are therefore totallydependent on it for generating the forces that sustain and regulate flight. Weather continues to pose hazards to flights in many of its phases. More significant in present scenario. Addition to directly causing accidents, weather factors can also contribute to, or enhance the probability / effect of other causes of accidents.

24. IMPACT OF WX HAZARDS ON AS SAFETY The important wx phenomenon of significance to aerospace safety are as follows:- Turbulence Wind Shear Icing Precipitation Hail Poor Visibility and low ceiling Electrical phenomenon Aerospace hazards associated with Thunderstorms

25. ROLE OF MET SECTION TO ENSURE AEROSPACE SAFETY Possibility of occurrence of adverse weather and its limit is essentially to be indicated in the routine forecasts. Any met phenomenon, which presents a potential hazard, forms the subject of the warning. Met sections to issues timely warnings of occurrence or expected occurrence of specified adverse met conditions. Separate warning message is to be issued to specify the time and severity of occurrence of such phenomena. Proactive approach and optimal utilisation of resources is necessary.