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Periodic Table of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements. Dmitri Mendeleev. Created first version of periodic table. Predicted properties of elements yet to be discovered. Rockin the shaggy beard…. Ted Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-48znAg7VE. A rranged elements according to atomic weights.

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Periodic Table of Elements

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  1. Periodic Table of Elements

  2. Dmitri Mendeleev • Created first version of periodic table. • Predicted properties of elements yet to be discovered. Rockin the shaggy beard… Ted Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-48znAg7VE

  3. Arranged elements according to atomic weights. • Today they are arranged by atomic number. Development of the Table: 3:39 http://youtu.be/nsbXp64YPRQ

  4. Periodic Law • “Properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.” • In other words, properties tend to repeat as you start a new period.

  5. Groups/Families(Columns 1-18) • Elements have: • Same number of valence electrons. • Similar chemical properties. • Form bonds in same way to get stable octet.

  6. Periods (Rows 1-7) • Elements have: • Same number of occupied energy levels. • Do not have similar properties.

  7. 1 valence electron Form +1 Ions Very reactive Found only in compounds. Group 1: Alkali Metals

  8. http://youtu.be/uixxJtJPVXk Rubidium http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=HY7mTCMvpEM

  9. 2 valence electrons Form +2 ions Very reactive Found only in compounds Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

  10. Group 2: Some Alkaline Earth Metals

  11. 7 valence electrons Form -1 ions Very reactive All nonmetals Group 17: Halogens

  12. Gas Liquid Solid FLUORINE Extremely reactive gas IODINE solid → gas (sublimes) 3:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=u2ogMUDBaf4

  13. Inert Gases Not reactive Have stable octet (except He) Monoatomic gases Group 18: Noble Gases

  14. Metals in the “lower” columns. (d-block metals) “Inner” transition metals are the two bottom rows (f-block metals) Transition Metals

  15. Transition Metals • Form colored compounds and solutions. • Often have multiple “oxidation states” (charges) • Honors: May involve d-sublevel electrons in forming bonds

  16. Lanthanide & Actinide Series • Two rows on the bottom of the table • “f” block • Start with lanthanum and actinium • Also called “inner Transition Metals”

  17. Man Made Elements: (“Trans Uranium”) • Elements above Uranium (Atomic #92) • Not found naturally on earth • Must be created through nuclear bombardment using particle accelerators. • Radioactive Elements: • All atoms of elements higher than Bismuth (Atomic #83) are radioactive.

  18. Do we know our groups? • Elements Song Again! • http://youtu.be/zGM-wSKFBpo • Periodic Table Dating Game • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6cF0iWC3J4 • Ted Talk: 4:24 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPnwBITSmgU

  19. Metals/Nonmetals/Metalloids

  20. Properties of Metals • Luster • Malleable • Ductile • Conduct heat and electricity • Lose valence electrons, form positive ions • All solids (except Hg)

  21. Nonmetals • No luster • Brittle (if solid) • Don’t conduct • Gain valence electrons, form negative ions • Can be solid, liquid, gas • Hydrogen is a nonmetal

  22. Metalloids (Semimetals) • Most elements along the “staircase” • Properties of both metals and nonmetals. • B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At

  23. Trends in the Periodic Table

  24. Atomic Radius • Distance from nucleus to the outer edge of electron cloud.

  25. Trends in Radius(Use Table S) Li Na K Rb Cs Fr • Down a Group Ex: Group 1 What happens? • Across a Period Ex: Period 2 What happens? Li Be B C N O F Ne

  26. Let’s Think: • Why does this trend happens? • How might it be related to electron shells and electron repulsion? • How might it be related to the pull of nuclear charge?

  27. Down a Group: • Size increases • Add new energy levels • Greater shielding from core electrons • Outer electrons further from nucleus so less attractive force

  28. Across a Period: • Size decreases • Increasing nuclear chargepulls on same # of energy levels • No increase in shielding effect http://youtu.be/ba2yN2HtPTAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VopLrkfXfGw&safe=active

  29. Ionization Energy • Energy required to remove outermost electron

  30. Trends in Ionization Energy(Use Table S) • Down a Group Ex: Group 1 What happens? • Across a Period Ex: Period 2 What happens? Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Li Be B C N O F Ne

  31. What is the trend? Down a Group IE __________________ Across a Period IE _________________ Therefore: • Larger Radius = Lower Ionization Energy

  32. Why? The further outermost electron is from nuclear pull, easier it is to remove. More shells of kernel electrons around nucleus creates a greater “shielding effect”.

  33. Electronegativity • Attraction an atom has for electrons involved in bond formation.

  34. Electronegativity • The higher the EN value the more the atom “pulls” on electrons involved in bond. • “Tug of war” for electrons in bond

  35. Fluorine has the highest EN value = 4 • EN scale was created by comparing other elements to Fluorine • Nonmetals generally have much higher EN values than metals http://youtu.be/93G_FqpGFGY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZ8izzEq6zI&safe=active

  36. How does this Affect Bonds? • Polar Bond: • Unequal electron sharing • Atoms have different EN • Nonpolar Bond: • Equal electron sharing • Atoms have same EN

  37. Trends in Electronegativity (Use Table S) • Down a Group Ex: Group 1 What happens? • Across a Period Ex: Period 2 What happens? Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Li Be B C N O F Ne

  38. What was the trend in electronegativity? • Down a group EN _________________ • Across a period EN ________________ • What is the relationship to atomic radius? • As size gets bigger EN gets ______________ • As size gets smaller EN gets _____________ • What element has the highest EN value? • What elements don’t have really have electronegativity values? Why is that?

  39. Metallic/NonMetallic Character • More “Metallic”: • Large radius • Low IE • Low EN • More “Non Metallic”: • Small radius • High IE • High EN http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=hANWofStHrk

  40. Links and Songs • (Honors) Intro to the Table • http://youtu.be/5MMWpeJ5dn4 • Dan Radcliffe Knows his elements! • http://youtu.be/rSAaiYKF0cs • Elements Song: • Periodic Table of Videos Crew: • http://youtu.be/afFw91fvNJM • A different Song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUDDiWtFtEM&safe=active • LIST OF COOL LINKS • http://www.nclark.net/PeriodicTable.html

  41. Crash Course Video(13 minutes) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RRVV4Diomg&safe=active • Interactive Table • http://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.matter.ptable/periodic-table-of-the-elements/ • Interactive Table • http://www.chemicool.com/ • Sortify Game • https://www.brainpop.com/games/sortifyelementsoftheperiodictable/ • Go React Periodic Table • http://www.msichicago.org/play/goreact/

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