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Stages of attachment

http://scienceblogs.com/thoughtfulanimal/2010/10/18/ed-tronick-and-the-still-face/. Stages of attachment. Schaffer and Emerson (1964). Lesson Objectives. By the end of this lesson you should be able to: Describe the Schaffer & Emerson key study Evaluate the methodology used

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Stages of attachment

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  1. http://scienceblogs.com/thoughtfulanimal/2010/10/18/ed-tronick-and-the-still-face/http://scienceblogs.com/thoughtfulanimal/2010/10/18/ed-tronick-and-the-still-face/ Stages of attachment Schaffer and Emerson (1964)

  2. Lesson Objectives By the end of this lesson you should be able to: • Describe the Schaffer & Emerson key study • Evaluate the methodology used • Describe the four stages of attachment • Evaluate the stages of attachment

  3. Schaffer and Emerson (1964) • Schaffer and Emerson observed 60 babies for 2 years • They looked at the interactions between the baby and its carer’s

  4. Methodology Direct observation Mothers kept diaries Mothers were interviewed These methods are Non-experimental They use self-report and observation to collect data. Can you think of any weaknesses of using these methods? Observation schedule

  5. The four stages of attachment… • 0-2 months old: This phase is known as “Asocial stage” Many babies show a similar response to objects and people but they like human company and they like faces The baby is not predisposed to a particular caregiver. Babies respond equally to all caregivers

  6. Stage 2 . 2-7 months old: “Indiscriminate attachments” Babies show a preference for certain people/the beginnings of attachment Infants learn to distinguish primary and secondary caregivers but accept care from anyone. They begin to show preferences. They do NOT yet display stranger anxiety. This stage is characterised by general sociability (enjoyment of being with people)

  7. Stage 3. 7 months +:“Specific/discriminate attachment” The baby looks to particular people for security, comfort and protection. ’safe-base’ The baby will show fear of strangers (stranger anxiety)and distress when separated from a special person (separation anxiety) This is a good thing as it illustrates that an attachment has been formed.

  8. Stage 4. By one year “Multiple attachments” The baby becomes increasingly independent and forms several attachments

  9. Task 1.Read through your information sheet –both sides 2. Complete the stages of attachment grid –the bullet points below will help you. We will go through it together in a moment – so if you are unsure just wait before you write anything

  10. Is the data valid? • The data collected by the researchers was based on mothers’ reports of their infants • What is the problem with this and how could it have affected the results? • We could argue that this study lacks internal validity

  11. Out of date research? • This study was conducted in the 1960’s • What has changed since this time that could result in this study not being applicable anymore? • If the study was repeated today would we get the same results? • We could argue that this study lacks temporal validity

  12. Problems with a stage model • This theory offers four stages to describe the development children go through in their attachments. • But what if, in some cultures, multiple attachments occur before single attachments? Does this make this culture abnormal? Would it mean these infants have bad parents? • The problem is families are judged based on these inflexible stages. If their child's attachment do not follow the stages it could reflect badly on them. • We could argue that this theory is ethnocentric and not relevant in other cultures.

  13. GHG • SROEDEAN • STUDENT Remember to look at this text book from time to time. Potential questions, web links, additional definitions – all useful additions.

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