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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Nationalism: The Traditional Orientation. Understanding Nations, Nation-States, and Nationalism. Nations. People sharing common characteristics: Race, culture, language, ethnicity, and so on Sense of community: Recognition/belief in "connectedness"

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Nationalism: The Traditional Orientation

  2. Understanding Nations, Nation-States, and Nationalism

  3. Nations • People sharing common characteristics: Race, culture, language, ethnicity, and so on • Sense of community: Recognition/belief in "connectedness" • Desire for autonomous self-governance: To be politically separate

  4. Nation-States • In theory, the combination of state and nation, reflecting a nation's desire to have its own state and to govern itself independently

  5. Inconsistencies • Many states contain multiple nations within their borders • Many nations overlap one or more state boundaries

  6. Nationalism • A sense of essential political identity that dictates action in concert

  7. Unifies state, nation, and nation-state • Transformation of identity toward nationalism • Sentimental attachment to homeland • Sense of identity and self-esteem based on nationalism • Motivated to help country

  8. The Evolution of Nationalism

  9. The Rise of Nationalism

  10. Development of secular monarchs

  11. Creation of nationalistic popular culture • Implication of equality (Thomas Paine) • Concept of popular sovereignty, from Switzerland and England to American and French Revolutions • Welcomed as a destroyer of empires (Woodrow Wilson)

  12. The Predicted Demise of Nationalism After World War II • Experiences of destructive power of nationalism (Fascism) • Development of nuclear weapons • Emphasis on free trade and economic interdependence

  13. Persistent Nationalism

  14. Anti-imperialism: Independence movement initially in less developed countries • Contemporary European nationalism in Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, reunification of West and East Germany, and FSRs; growing resistance to EU (One might compare the emergence of FSRs to a form of anti-imperialism against centuries of Russian expansionism and domination)

  15. Independence movements • Newly independent countries: East Timor, Eritrea, Namibia, and Palau • Nationalist stirrings: Great Britain–Scottish, Irish, Welsh; Spain–Basques and Catalans

  16. Limitations • Growing world consciousness and interdependence, waning nationalism

  17. Nationalism: Builder and Destroyer

  18. The Beneficent Face of Nationalism • Promotes democracy (self-determination, popular sovereignty), but can be manipulated by demagogues • Encourages self-determination • Discourages imperialism: Serves as a powerful deterrent to outside rule but can encourage expansionist tendencies • Promotes economic development • Protects diversity and experimentation: This seems true when considering interactions between nation-states, but it can also suppress diversity within a state

  19. The Troubled Face of Nationalism

  20. Ethnonational Conflicts • How we relate to others • Feelings of difference • Insularity • Feelings of superiority • Xenophobia and the oppression of others

  21. Lack of fit between nations and states

  22. Multinational states: States with more than one nation

  23. Multistate nationalities: Nations divided among states • Nation is a minority in one or more states and lacks a state of its own--stateless nation • Nation-state has nationals in adjacent states--irredentism • Nation is divided between two states and constitutes a majority in each

  24. Nationalism and the Future

  25. Self-Determination as a Goal • Help end ethnic oppression • Problems • Untangling groups • Dissolution of existing states • Microstates • "Negative sovereignty" invites intervention by more powerful • Is there a right to secede? Applying self-determination principles is difficult in a complex world

  26. Nationalism: Will the Curtain Fall? • Nationalism may thrive • Nationalism may evolve toward internationalism, but at a slow pace at best--no immediate prospects for change • Nationalism is in decline and nation-states are past their peak • Nationalism is collapsing rapidly

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