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BLOOD

BLOOD. Plasma. Red blood cell. White blood cell. Platelets. Formed Elements. • ____________ = red blood cells (RBCs ) • __________ = white blood cells (WBCs ) • ____________ = cell fragments. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells). The main function is to _____________

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BLOOD

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  1. BLOOD

  2. Plasma Red blood cell White blood cell Platelets

  3. Formed Elements • ____________ = red blood cells (RBCs) • __________ = white blood cells (WBCs) • ____________ = cell fragments

  4. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) • The main function is to _____________ • Anatomy of circulating erythrocytes • Biconcave disks • Essentially bags of hemoglobin • _______________ (no nucleus) • Contain very few organelles; lack mitochondria • Outnumber white blood cells 1000:1

  5. Hemoglobin (Hb) • __________-containing protein • Binds strongly, but reversibly, to ______ • Each hemoglobin molecule has four oxygen binding sites • Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules

  6. When there is a high concentration of oxygen (ex. in the lung) hemoglobincombines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin. When the blood reaches the tissue which have a low concentration of oxygen the hemoglobindissociates with the oxygen and the oxygen is released into body tissues

  7. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) • Crucial in the body’s defense against disease • These are complete cells, with a __________ and ____________ • Able to move into and out of blood vessels (_____________) • Can move by ameboid motion • Can respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues – _______________

  8. Leukocyte Levels in the Blood • Normal levels are between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per millimeter • Abnormal leukocyte levels • Leukocytosis • Above 11,000 leukocytes/ml • Generally indicates an infection • Leukopenia • Abnormally low leukocyte level • Commonly caused by certain drugs

  9. Types of Leukocytes • Granulocytes • Granules in their cytoplasm can be stained • Include:

  10. Types of Leukocytes • Agranulocytes • Lack visible cytoplasmic granules • Include:

  11. Granulocytes • Neutrophils(most common) • Multilobednucleus with fine granules • Act as _________ at active sites of infection • Eosinophils(not a common WBC) • Large brick-red cytoplasmic granules • Found in response to ____________ and_________________

  12. Granulocytes • Basophils(not a common WBC) • Have _______________-containing granules • Initiate ____________; involved in ________

  13. Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes (second most common WBC) • Two types play an important role in the_______________ • B-cells – produce antibodies • T-cells – direct immune response

  14. Agranulocytes • Monocytes • Largest of the white blood cells • Function as ________________ • Important in fighting chronic infection

  15. Platelets • Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells called __________________ • Needed for the clotting process • Normal platelet count = 300,000/mm3

  16. Hematopoiesis • _______________ formation occurs in ____________ bone marrow • All blood cells are derived from a common stem cell - ______________ • Hemocytoblast differentiation • _________ stem cell produces lymphocytes • _________ stem cell produces other formed elements

  17. Fate of Erythrocytes • Unable to divide, grow, or synthesize proteins • Wear out in _____________________ • When worn out, are eliminated by____________ in the _______ or _____ • Lost cells are replaced by division of hemocytoblasts

  18. Control of Erythrocyte Production • Rate is controlled by a hormone -__________________ • _________ produce most erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood • Homeostasis is maintained by __________ feedback from blood oxygen levels

  19. Control of Erythrocyte Production

  20. http://people.sinclair.edu/normahollebeke/107/Blood%20Worksheet.pdfhttp://people.sinclair.edu/normahollebeke/107/Blood%20Worksheet.pdf

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