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ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada

ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada. SUMMARY. Vehicles and fuels Battery electric vehicles - characteristics Batteries. SOME ELECTRIC VEHICLES…. Diesel. Batteries. Internal Combustion Engine. Electric Motor. Petrol. Biofuels. Fuel Cells.

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ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada

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  1. ELECTRIC VEHICLESCarlos SousaAGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada

  2. SUMMARY • Vehicles and fuels • Battery electric vehicles - characteristics • Batteries

  3. SOME ELECTRIC VEHICLES…

  4. Diesel Batteries Internal Combustion Engine Electric Motor Petrol Biofuels Fuel Cells Hydrogen Natural Gas, LPG Hybrid VEHICLES AND FUELS

  5. ELECTRIC VEHICLES • An electric vehicle is a vehicle that is moved by electricity. The electricity can be: • Produced outside the vehicle and stored in batteries – Battery Electric Vehicle • Produced aboard the vehicle – E.g.: Fuel Cell Vehicle

  6. BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES • First EVs were produced in the 1830s • Appeared before the ICE engine

  7. BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES • Silent • Does not need a gearbox • Relaxed and pleasant driving • Recover energy when they brake • Maximum torque from low speeds

  8. Battery Charger h 95% ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... MechanicalTransmission h 95 % Battery h 65% Electronic Power Converter h 95% ElectricMotor h 90% ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BATERY EV • High energy efficiency • Recovery of energy during braking • Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) in the place of circulation

  9. BATTERIES • Battery types are the main difference between battery EVs, but also their main limitation!! • Batteries influence the range of Battery EVs. Driving style is another very important factor – Ecodriving is essential!!

  10. THE IDEAL BATTERY… • High specific energy [kWh/kg] (i.e. Light with a high amount of stored energy) • High energy density [kWh/m3] (i.e. Small with a high amount of stored energy) • High specific power [W/kg ] (i.e. With a high power output for its mass) • Long cycle-life (i.e. be discharged and recharged many times without significant deterioration in its performance) • Quick re-charge time

  11. THE IDEAL BATTERY… • Deep cycle (i.e. could be regularly discharged to near-empty without loss of function) • Operate over a wide temperature range • Safe • Recyclable • Cheap

  12. SOME BATERIES

  13. CHARGING POSSIBILITIES • Directly to the vehicle

  14. CHARGING POSSIBILITIES • Outside the vehicle

  15. Gondola Lariana Italy Egretta France Ferry Vaporetto E1 Italy Lagon 40 France Gustave Doré France Aquabus 1 050 Switzerland Passeur “Type La Rochelle” France E-Boat 15.5 Canada

  16. SUMMARY • Battery Electric Vehicles are silent and emissions free where they circulate (zero tailpipe emissions) • Well suited for urban use, in well defined routes (deliveries, public transport, car pooling schemes, etc.) • Can be economically viable in the context of their specific use (batery lease schemes, etc.) • Can be low carbon, depending on how electricity is generated • Can have an interesting energy efficiency • Reduced offer of vehicles – not many options available

  17. Thank you for your attention!

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