Spine

1. Spine

2. 'You are as young or as old as the flexibility of your spine' a yoga master

3. What functions does the spine serve? • Protect the spinal cord • Serve as flexible, strong leverage for muscles to provide movement • Help stabilize the thoracic area and protect the internal organs

4. The spine has 3 major components: • spinal column (i.e., bones and discs) • neural elements (i.e., the spinal cord and nerve roots) • 3. supporting structures (e.g., muscles and ligaments)

5. spinal columnbones and discs

7. C1 and C2 1st two cervical vertebrae

8. Atlas = C1

9. Axis = C2

10. Cervical Vertebra (typical)

11. Thoracic Vertebrae

12. Lumbar Vertebra

13. Sacrum

14. Pelvic Girdle

15. Pelvic Girdle

16. Review

17. Compare vertebra 1. Look at an articulated skeleton and compare & contrast the cervicle, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae – make a table of these comparisons 2. Look at the angle of the facet joints between vertebrae – hypothesize what movements are possible with the different angles of the Cervicle, Thoracic and Lumbar facet joints 3. Look at the articulation of the ribs on the spine. How/where do they articulate with the Thoracic vertebrae?

18. Intervertebral Discs Discs function to absorb and distribute shock from movement (e.g. walking) and prevent the vertebrae from grinding against one another.

19. Intervertebral Discs

20. Intervertebral Discs Discs function to absorb and distribute shock from movement (e.g. walking) and prevent the vertebrae from grinding against one another.

21. Intervertebral Discs Like a ball between two plates, allows fluid movement in 3 planes

22. Intervertebral Discs Extension Flexion

23. Intervertebral Discs Healthy Versus Diseased

24. Facet Joints = Zygapophyseal Joints Facet joints are synovial joints. One pair faces upward (superior articular facet) and one downward (inferior articular facet). These joints allow flexion (bend forward), extension (bend backward), and twisting motion.

25. Joints and Movements of spine 'You are as young or as old as the flexibility of your spine' a yoga master

26. Movement of Spine Lateral Flexion

27. Movement of Spine With Lateral Flexion get rotation of vertebrae

28. supporting structures muscles and ligaments

29. The ligaments of the spine are important for maintaining spinal stability and help to protect against excessive movement

30. Primary Spinal Ligaments Include: Movement prevented

31. Ligament Review Anterior view

32. Ligament Review Side view

33. Ligament Review More inferiorly on the spine, the ligamentum nuchae becomes contiguous with what ligament In otherwords, the nuchal ligament is really just a thickened portion of what ligament? Supraspinous Ligament

34. Ligament Review Anterior view: vertebral body cut away We are looking at the ligaments between the laminae

35. Ligament Review Posterior view: vertebral arch and spinous process cut off We are looking at the ligaments between the vertebral bodies

36. Muscles of the Spine Paraspinals 1. Transversospinalis Group (Deep to superficial) • Rotatores • Multifidi c. Semispinalis capitis 2. Erector Spinae Group (Medial to lateral) a. Spinalis b. Longissimus c. Iliocostalis Quadratus Lumborum

37. Paraspinals: the muscles of the spine that help us stand up straight, rotate and bend to the side.

38. Transversospinalis • Rotatores • Multifidi • Semispinalis capitis

39. Multifidi & Rotatores Pg. 206 Trail Guide O: Sacrum (multifidi) TVPs lumbar through cervical vertebrae I: SPs & TVPs of lumbar through 2nd cervical vertebrae A: (Vertebral column) Extension Rotation to opposite side (Multifidi span 2-4 vertebrae) (Rotatores span 1-2 vertebrae)

40. Multifidi & Rotatores Pg. 206 Trail Guide O: Sacrum (multifidi) TVPs lumbar through cervical vertebrae I: SPs & TVPs of lumbar through 2nd cervical vertebrae A: (Vertebral column) Extension Rotation to opposite side (Multifidi span 2-4 vertebrae) (Rotatores span 1-2 vertebrae)

41. Multifidi & Rotatores Pg. 206 Trail Guide

42. Semispinalis capitis Pg. 207 Trail Guide O: Transverse processes of Thoracic vertebrae, Articular processes of lower cervicals I: SPs of upper thoracic and cervicals (except C-1), and superior nuchal line of occiput A: Extension of Vertebral column & head

43. Erector Spinae GroupPg. 171 Trail Guide Spinalis (medial) Longissimus (middle) Iliocostalis (lateral) O: Common Tendon (TLA – thoracolumbar aponeurosis, posterior sacrum, iliac crest, last 2 ribs, SPs lumbar & last 2 thoracic vertebrae) I: Posterior ribs SPs & TVPs of thoracic & cervical vertebrae mastoid process of temporal bone A: Bilaterally Extension vertebral column Unilaterally Lateral flexion to same side

44. Erector Spinae GroupPg. 202 Trail Guide Spinalis (medial) Longissimus (middle) Iliocostalis (lateral) O: Common Tendon (TLA – thoracolumbar aponeurosis, posterior sacrum, iliac crest, last 2 ribs, SPs lumbar & last 2 thoracic vertebrae) I: Posterior ribs SPs & TVPs of thoracic & cervical vertebrae mastoid process of temporal bone A: Bilaterally Extension vertebral column Unilaterally Lateral flexion to same side

45. Quadratus Lumborum Pg. 213 Trail Guide O: Posterior Iliac crest I: Last rib (rib 12) TVPs L1-4 A: Unilaterally Elevates hip Lateral flexion vertebral column Assists in extension vertebral column Bilaterally Fixes rib 12 during respiration “The Hip Hiker”

46. neural elementsthe spinal cord and nerve rootsplus a look at the protective, supportive connective tissue