Chapter 1, Section 4

1. Quick Write: Review Chapter 1, Section 4 • REASON! What is one word to summarize the Enlightenment?

2. The Great Awakening--Review Chapter 1, Section 4 • The Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals in the colonies (in the 1730s-1750s) aimed at restoring people’s dedication to religion What was the Great Awakening? • Remember: Like the ideas from the Enlightenment, the ideas from the Great Awakening caused colonists to question the authority of the British government

3. Chapter 2, Section 1 Colonial Resistance & Rebellion

4. British Parliament Taxes the Colonies • The Sugar Act (1764) – taxed new items; punishment for smuggling was trial in a vice-admiralty court rather than a colonial court Chapter 2, Section 1 • Colonists said British Parliament had no right to tax them because the colonists were not represented in Parliament • The Stamp Act (1765) – taxed documents and printed items (like wills, newspapers, and playing cards); all documents must have a stamp to show it’s been taxed • Some colonists organized a resistance group called the Sons of Liberty to defy the law

5. British Parliament Taxes the Colonies • Colonists boycotted documents until Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766. Chapter 2, Section 1 • The Townshend Acts (1767) – Parliament taxed goods imported to the colonies from Britain, such as paint, glass, paper, and tea. • The Declaratory Act (1766) – Parliament asserted its full right “to bind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever” • The Sons of Liberty again led the colonists in boycotts on British goods

6. Tension Mounts in Massachusetts • Tensions between the British and the colonists increased, especially in Massachusetts. Chapter 2, Section 1 • On March 5, 1770, a mob of colonists began to taunt the British soldiers at the Boston Customs House. Shots were fired and 5 colonists were killed. Colonists named the event the Boston Massacre. • The Tea Act (1773) -- Allowed British East India Company to sell tea to the colonists without paying the taxes that the colonists had to pay

7. Tension Mounts in Massachusetts • The colonists responded by protesting. On the night of December 16, 1773, a group of colonists dressed up like Indians and attacked British tea ships anchored at the Boston Harbor. This was called the Boston Tea Party Chapter 2, Section 1 • Intolerable Acts (1774) -- In response, Britain passed a series of severe penalties, such as shutting down Boston harbor.

8. The Revolutionary War Begins • The colonists responded by assembling the First Continental Congress (1774) • Delegates met in Philadelphia and wrote a declaration of colonial rights Chapter 2, Section 1 • The colonists decided that if Britain used force against the colonies, they would fight back • After the meeting, many areas began military preparations. Minutemen (men ready to fight at a minute’s notice) stockpiled guns and gunpowder. *

9. The Revolutionary War Begins • A British General (General Gage) learned about the colonists’ plan and British troops planned to march from Boston to Concord to seize the colonists’ illegal weapons Chapter 2, Section 1 • Colonists (Paul Revere) rode to Concord to warn them. The colonists were able to meet the British troops at Lexington, where the first shots of the war were fired

11. The Revolutionary War Begins (cont.) • The Battle of Lexington was the first battle of the Revolutionary War, but it lasted 15 minutes • The British marched back to Concord (second battle), where they found no weapons and fought briefly with the colonists Chapter 2, Section 1 • The British soldiers then marched back to Boston, where they were surprised by 3,000-4,000 minutemen--many British soldiers were killed as they retreated to Boston

12. The Revolutionary War Begins (cont.) • In May 1775, colonists held the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia and recognized the minutemen militia as the Continental Army (led by George Washington) Chapter 2, Section 1 • British troops were stuck in Boston, so they decided to attack colonists at Bunker Hill. This was the deadliest battle in the war, with over 1,000 British soldiers killed. • Colonists were winning the battles, but they were not all in agreement about whether they should remain loyal to Britain or declare independence . . .